Battaglia F C, Thureen P J
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262, USA.
Diabetes Care. 1998 Aug;21 Suppl 2:B70-4.
Developments in fetal and placental nutrition have highlighted the interaction of the placenta and fetal liver for the exchange and metabolism of nutrients. Of particular importance is the exchange of serine and glycine and their interconversion within these two organs and the exchange of glutamine and glutamate. Placental metabolism of nutrients and the placenta's role in the production and utilization of certain amino acids alters significantly the delivery rate of nutrients into the fetal circulation. Postnatal nutrition has focused on the role of early nutritional intervention in the extremely low birth weight infants and the recognition of the category of semi-essential amino acids in these infants. The role of minimal enteral feedings in small babies and the changes in nutritional requirements induced by medical complications has also received increasing attention.
胎儿和胎盘营养方面的进展突出了胎盘与胎儿肝脏在营养物质交换和代谢中的相互作用。丝氨酸和甘氨酸的交换及其在这两个器官内的相互转化，以及谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸的交换尤为重要。胎盘对营养物质的代谢以及胎盘在某些氨基酸的产生和利用中的作用，显著改变了营养物质进入胎儿循环的输送速率。产后营养关注早期营养干预在极低出生体重婴儿中的作用，以及对这些婴儿体内半必需氨基酸类别的认识。少量肠内喂养在小婴儿中的作用以及由医疗并发症引起的营养需求变化也越来越受到关注。
