Pérez-Barbería F J, Gordon I J
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Acta Vet Hung. 1998;46(3):357-67.
In mammals patterns of food resource distribution influence female distribution, leading to aggregation and favouring the evolution of a polygynous mating system. Under polygyny, sexual selection favours an increase of the male body size, since larger bodied males have competitive advantage in fights for mates. As a result, sexual body size dimorphism is a general rule in polygynous artiodactyls and is correlated with the degree of polygyny. Sex differences in body size lead to differences in energy requirements and food selection between the sexes. This has led to the sexual size dimorphism hypothesis being used to explain sexual segregation in ungulates, although from the available studies, it is not possible to deduce a consistent pattern between sexes in the use of forage of different abundance or quality. Two other groups of hypotheses have been put forward to explain sexual segregation in ungulates. These are based on reproductive strategy and social factors, both of which are independent of body size. The mechanistic explanation for differences in food selection ability and intake rate between animals of different body size and how this can lead to an understanding of the sex differences in diet and sexual segregation, both of which are intimately linked, is discussed.
在哺乳动物中，食物资源的分布模式影响着雌性的分布，导致聚集现象，并有利于一夫多妻制交配系统的进化。在一夫多妻制下，性选择有利于雄性体型的增大，因为体型较大的雄性在争夺配偶的战斗中具有竞争优势。因此，两性体型差异是一夫多妻制偶蹄动物的普遍规律，且与一夫多妻制的程度相关。体型上的性别差异导致两性在能量需求和食物选择上存在差异。这使得两性体型差异假说被用于解释有蹄类动物的性别隔离现象，尽管从现有研究来看，无法推断出两性在食用不同丰度或质量的草料方面存在一致的模式。另外两组假说也被提出来解释有蹄类动物的性别隔离现象。它们基于生殖策略和社会因素，这两者都与体型无关。本文讨论了不同体型动物在食物选择能力和摄入率上存在差异的机制性解释，以及这如何有助于理解饮食中的性别差异和性别隔离，而这两者是紧密相连的。
