de la Concha-Bermejillo A, Anderson N V, Bretzlaff K, Kimberling C V, Moore G, Rowe J D, Wolfe C
Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, San Angelo, USA.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 1998;40 Suppl 1:7-12.
A survey among small ruminant veterinary practitioners and producers of the United States was conducted to determine the most important health problems of sheep and goats and the need for drugs to treat these diseases. Gastrointestinal nematodes and pneumonia were the most important health concerns. Ceftiofur, long acting tetracyclines, penicillins, tilmicosin and enrofloxacin were the antibiotics most needed. The approval of ivermectin and albendazole for goats, and fenbendazole for sheep were among the most common requests for anthelmintics. Veterinarians also stressed the need for drugs to manipulate the estrous cycle, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and anesthetics. Among the viral diseases, lentivirus infections (ovine progressive pneumonia and caprine arthritis encephalitis) and soremouth were the greatest concerns among veterinarians and producers. Both groups indicated that the availability of a generic antiviral drug would be important. The lack of a rabies vaccine was of great concern particularly among goat producers. Extra-label use of drugs in food animals may result in drug residues in tissues that may be hazardous for consumers. Therefore; in order for producers to provide high quality, safe products while remaining competitive in a global market economy, research to determine safety levels and tissue depletion times of new drugs is an urgent need for the sheep and goat industry.
在美国对小型反刍动物兽医从业者和养殖者进行了一项调查，以确定绵羊和山羊最重要的健康问题以及治疗这些疾病所需药物。胃肠道线虫病和肺炎是最重要的健康问题。头孢噻呋、长效四环素、青霉素、替米考星和恩诺沙星是最急需的抗生素。伊维菌素和阿苯达唑用于山羊、芬苯达唑用于绵羊的批准是驱虫药最常见的需求。兽医们还强调需要用于调控发情周期的药物、抗炎药、镇痛药和麻醉药。在病毒性疾病中，慢病毒感染（绵羊进行性肺炎和山羊关节炎脑炎）和口疮是兽医和养殖者最关注的问题。两组都表示通用抗病毒药物的可得性很重要。狂犬病疫苗的短缺尤其令山羊养殖者担忧。食用动物超说明书用药可能导致组织中出现药物残留，这对消费者可能有害。因此，为了养殖者能提供高质量、安全的产品，同时在全球市场经济中保持竞争力，确定新药安全水平和组织消除时间的研究对绵羊和山羊产业来说是当务之急。
