Greif J, Hewitt W
Adv Nurse Pract. 1998 Jun;6(6):26-31, 82.
In the United States, body art has gradually moved from the fringes of society into the mainstream. This article focuses on the health issues surrounding this practice. The literature cites numerous infectious diseases and complications resulting from or linked to body art. Tattoos have been linked to skin neoplasms, piercing has been associated with hepatitis B and C risk, and branding is strongly associated with infection. Although it is a theoretical risk, no documented cases of HIV have been acquired from a tattoo or piercing. In general, tattooing, piercing and branding are unlicensed and unregulated industries. In many communities, tattoo artists and establishments are not subject to health inspections, body art practitioners are not required to be trained in anatomy, infection control or universal precautions, and the contents of tattoo dyes have never received FDA approval. Healing times for body art are variable, depending on type and location. Obtaining body art is a long-term commitment, and patients should be fully aware of this.
在美国，人体艺术已逐渐从社会边缘走向主流。本文聚焦于围绕这种行为的健康问题。文献中列举了许多由人体艺术引发或与之相关的传染病及并发症。纹身与皮肤肿瘤有关联，穿孔与感染乙型和丙型肝炎的风险相关，而烙印则与感染密切相关。尽管存在理论上的风险，但尚无因纹身或穿孔而感染艾滋病毒的记录病例。总体而言，纹身、穿孔和烙印行业未经许可且缺乏监管。在许多社区，纹身艺术家和店铺无需接受健康检查，人体艺术从业者无需接受解剖学、感染控制或通用防护措施方面的培训，纹身染料的成分从未获得美国食品药品监督管理局的批准。人体艺术的愈合时间因人而异，取决于类型和部位。进行人体艺术是一项长期的决定，患者应充分意识到这一点。
