Schwartz B L, Fisher R P, Hebert K S
Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida International University, Miami 33199, USA.
Memory. 1998 May;6(3):257-75. doi: 10.1080/741942362.
We explored the relation between output order and the likelihood of a commission error in free recall under both laboratory and eyewitness conditions. In Experiment 1, participants studied a list of 20 unrelated words and, after a five-minute distractor task, were asked to recall those words. Whereas the items that participants recalled were mostly correct, commission errors were more likely to occur at the end of a participant's output. In Experiment 2, participants viewed a police film depicting an armed robbery. Participants described the perpetrators, their truck, and the sequence of events during the robbery. When describing the perpetrators or the truck, commission errors were more likely to occur at the end of the output. However, when describing the sequence of events, commission errors were more likely to occur in the middle of the output. In Experiment 3, we replicated the finding that commission errors are likely to occur at the end of the output order when participants are describing people. We speculate on the potential application of this finding and its theoretical underpinnings.
我们探究了在实验室和目击证人这两种条件下，输出顺序与自由回忆中出现错误记忆的可能性之间的关系。在实验1中，参与者学习了一份包含20个不相关单词的列表，在经过五分钟的干扰任务后，被要求回忆这些单词。虽然参与者回忆的项目大多是正确的，但错误记忆更有可能出现在参与者输出的末尾。在实验2中，参与者观看了一部描绘武装抢劫的警察影片。参与者描述了抢劫者、他们的卡车以及抢劫过程中的事件顺序。在描述抢劫者或卡车时，错误记忆更有可能出现在输出的末尾。然而，在描述事件顺序时，错误记忆更有可能出现在输出的中间部分。在实验3中，我们重复了这一发现，即当参与者描述人物时，错误记忆很可能出现在输出顺序的末尾。我们推测了这一发现的潜在应用及其理论基础。
