Reed J C, Jurgensmeier J M, Matsuyama S
The Burnham Institute, Program on Apoptosis and Cell Death Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Aug 10;1366(1-2):127-37. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00108-x.
The Bcl-2 family of proteins plays a pivotal role in regulating cell life and death. Many of these proteins reside in the outer mitochondrial membrane, oriented towards the cytosol. Cytoprotective Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL prevent mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria under many circumstances that would otherwise result in either apoptosis or necrosis. In contrast, some pro-apoptotic members of this family such as Bax can induce these destructive changes in mitochondria in both mammalian cells and when expressed exogenously in yeast. The mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins control cell life and death remain elusive, but may include both the ability to form ion channels or pores in membranes and physical interactions with a variety of proteins implicated in apoptosis regulation.
Bcl-2蛋白家族在调节细胞生死过程中起着关键作用。这些蛋白中的许多定位于线粒体外膜，面向细胞质。在许多情况下，诸如Bcl-2和Bcl-XL等具有细胞保护作用的Bcl-2家族蛋白可防止线粒体通透性转换孔开放及凋亡蛋白从线粒体释放，否则这些情况会导致凋亡或坏死。相反，该家族的一些促凋亡成员，如Bax，在哺乳动物细胞中以及在酵母中外源表达时，均可诱导线粒体发生这些破坏性变化。Bcl-2家族蛋白控制细胞生死的机制仍然不明，但可能包括在膜中形成离子通道或孔的能力以及与多种参与凋亡调节的蛋白的物理相互作用。
