Ridley D T
Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., Patterson, USA.
Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Aug;5(8):824-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02511.x.
Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions out of obedience to the Bible's command to all Christians to abstain from blood. The Witnesses take this scriptural injunction seriously and, of their own initiative, execute advance medical directive cards to communicate their refusal to medical personnel in the event of their incapacity. In portraying the Witnesses' refusal of blood as the uninformed result of their subjugation by the Watchtower Society, Migden and Braen distort the facts about Jehovah's Witnesses, the basis for their refusal of blood, and their use of the blood refusal card. Further, not only does Migden and Braen's analysis subordinate patient values to professional preference in all cases, but the heightened scrutiny protocol they propose is useless because it cannot possibly be implemented in the hypothetical they posit. Finally, their legal analysis is not well founded and practitioners who choose to follow it will do so at their peril.
耶和华见证人出于服从《圣经》对所有基督徒禁食血液的命令而拒绝输血。见证人认真对待这条经文禁令，并主动填写预先医疗指示卡，以便在他们丧失行为能力时向医护人员表明他们拒绝输血的态度。米格登和布伦将见证人拒绝输血描绘成他们被守望台圣经书社控制而不知情的结果，这歪曲了关于耶和华见证人的事实、他们拒绝输血的依据以及他们对输血拒绝卡的使用。此外，米格登和布伦的分析不仅在所有情况下都将患者价值观置于专业偏好之下，而且他们提议的强化审查方案毫无用处，因为它在他们所设想的情况下根本无法实施。最后，他们的法律分析没有充分依据，选择遵循它的从业者将自行承担风险。
