Tamai Y, Momma T, Yoshimoto H, Kaneko Y
Central Laboratories for Key Technology, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan.
Yeast. 1998 Jul;14(10):923-33. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199807)14:10<923::AID-YEA298>3.0.CO;2-I.
The bottom fermenting yeasts in our collection were classified as Saccharomyces pastorianus on the basis of their DNA relatedness. The genomic organization of bottom fermenting yeast was analysed by Southern hybridization using eleven genes on chromosome IV, six genes on chromosome II and five genes on chromosome XV of S. cerevisiae as probes. Gene probes constructed from S. cerevisiae chromosomes II and IV hybridized strongly to the 820-kb chromosome and the 1500-kb chromosome of the bottom fermenting yeast, respectively. Five gene probes constructed from segments of chromosome XV hybridized strongly to the 1050-kb and the 1000-kb chromosomes. These chromosomes are thought to be S. cerevisiae-type chromosomes. In addition, these probes also hybridized weakly to the 1100-kb, 1350-kb, 850-kb and 700-kb chromosome. Gene probes constructed from segments including the left arm to TRP1 of chromosome IV and the right arm of chromosome II hybridized to the 1100-kb chromosomes of S. pastorianus. Gene probes constructed using the right arm of chromosome IV and the left arm of chromosome II hybridized to the 1350-kb chromosome of S. pastorianus. These results suggested that the 1100-kb and 1350-kb chromosomes were generated by reciprocal translocation between chromosome II and IV in S. pastorianus. Three gene probes constructed using the right arm of chromosome XV hybridized weakly to the 850-kb chromosome, and two gene probes from the left arm hybridized weakly to the 700-kb chromosome. These results suggested that chromosome XV of S. cerevisiae was rearranged into the 850-kb and 700-kb chromosomes in S. pastorianus. These weak hybridization patterns were identical to those obtained with S. bayanus. Therefore, two types of chromosome co-exist independently in bottom fermenting yeast: one set which originated from S. bayanus and another set from S. cerevisiae. This result supports the hypothesis that S. pastorianus is a hybrid of S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus.
我们保藏的下面发酵酵母根据其DNA相关性被归类为巴氏酵母（Saccharomyces pastorianus）。利用酿酒酵母（S. cerevisiae）第IV号染色体上的11个基因、第II号染色体上的6个基因和第XV号染色体上的5个基因作为探针，通过Southern杂交分析下面发酵酵母的基因组结构。由酿酒酵母第II号和第IV号染色体构建的基因探针分别与下面发酵酵母的820-kb染色体和1500-kb染色体强烈杂交。由第XV号染色体片段构建的5个基因探针与1050-kb和1000-kb染色体强烈杂交。这些染色体被认为是酿酒酵母型染色体。此外，这些探针也与1100-kb、1350-kb、850-kb和700-kb染色体弱杂交。由包括第IV号染色体左臂到TRP1以及第II号染色体右臂的片段构建的基因探针与巴氏酵母的1100-kb染色体杂交。利用第IV号染色体右臂和第II号染色体左臂构建的基因探针与巴氏酵母的1350-kb染色体杂交。这些结果表明，1100-kb和1350-kb染色体是由巴氏酵母中第II号和第IV号染色体之间的相互易位产生的。由第XV号染色体右臂构建的3个基因探针与850-kb染色体弱杂交，来自左臂的2个基因探针与700-kb染色体弱杂交。这些结果表明，酿酒酵母的第XV号染色体在巴氏酵母中重排为850-kb和
