Baer J S, Barr H M, Bookstein F L, Sampson P D, Streissguth A P
Department of Psychology, University of Washington School of Arts and Sciences & Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1998 Sep;59(5):533-43. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1998.59.533.
To examine the relative importance of prenatal alcohol exposure and family history of alcoholism for the prediction of adolescent alcohol problems.
In 1974-75, a population-based, longitudinal prospective study of alcohol and pregnancy began with self-report of alcohol use by pregnant women. In a 14-year follow-up, 439 parents provided information on the family history of alcohol problems for these adolescent offspring. The 14-year-old adolescents provided information on the frequency and quantity of their own alcohol consumption within the past month, on the consequences of their drinking over the past 3 years, and on their age at first intoxication. Additional covariates were assessed prenatally and at follow-up.
Prenatal alcohol exposure was more predictive of adolescent alcohol use and its negative consequences than was family history of alcohol problems. Prenatal exposure retained a significant predictive effect even after adjustment for family history and other prenatal and environmental covariates. By contrast, the nominally significant correlation of family history with adolescent drinking is weaker after adjustment for prenatal alcohol exposure and disappears entirely after adjustment for other relevant covariates. We observed no evidence for an interactive effect of fetal exposure and family history in predicting adolescent alcohol use.
Fetal alcohol exposure is a risk factor for adolescent alcohol involvement and alcohol-related problems and may account for variance in prediction of problems otherwise attributed to family history of alcoholism. Studies of alcoholism etiology and family history need to include consideration of even modest levels of fetal alcohol exposure.
探讨产前酒精暴露和酒精中毒家族史对预测青少年酒精问题的相对重要性。
1974 - 1975年，一项基于人群的酒精与妊娠纵向前瞻性研究始于孕妇自我报告饮酒情况。在14年的随访中，439名家长提供了这些青少年后代酒精问题家族史的信息。14岁的青少年提供了过去一个月内自己饮酒的频率和量、过去3年饮酒的后果以及首次醉酒的年龄等信息。在产前和随访时评估了其他协变量。
与酒精问题家族史相比，产前酒精暴露对青少年饮酒及其负面后果的预测性更强。即使在对家族史以及其他产前和环境协变量进行调整后，产前暴露仍具有显著的预测作用。相比之下，在对产前酒精暴露进行调整后，家族史与青少年饮酒之间名义上显著的相关性减弱，在对其他相关协变量进行调整后则完全消失。我们没有观察到胎儿暴露和家族史在预测青少年饮酒方面存在交互作用的证据。
胎儿酒精暴露是青少年饮酒及酒精相关问题的一个风险因素，可能解释了原本归因于酒精中毒家族史的问题预测中的差异。酒精中毒病因学和家族史的研究需要考虑即使是适度水平的胎儿酒精暴露。
