Kelvin J F, Scagliola J
Saint Vincents Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Semin Oncol Nurs. 1998 Aug;14(3):187-98. doi: 10.1016/s0749-2081(98)80028-4.
To provide a review of metastases involving the gastrointestinal system, including the specific problems of liver metastasis, bowel obstruction, ascites, biliary obstruction, and gastrointestinal fistulas.
Research studies, review articles, and book chapters.
When metastasis involves the gastrointestinal tract, the emotional distress is coupled with debilitating symptoms and marked nutritional deficits. Treatment decisions must consider potential benefits and risks and affect on quality of life.
An understanding of the disease process and alternative treatment interventions will assist nurses to effectively anticipate and manage symptoms that may develop and educate patients and families so they can participate in decisions regarding their treatment.
综述涉及胃肠道系统的转移瘤，包括肝转移、肠梗阻、腹水、胆道梗阻和胃肠道瘘的具体问题。
研究性研究、综述文章和书籍章节。
当转移瘤累及胃肠道时，患者会出现情绪困扰，同时伴有身体衰弱症状和明显的营养缺乏。治疗决策必须考虑潜在的益处、风险以及对生活质量的影响。
了解疾病过程和替代治疗干预措施将有助于护士有效地预测和管理可能出现的症状，并对患者及其家属进行教育，使他们能够参与有关治疗的决策。
