Sohaey R
Women's Imaging, Grandvalley Radiology, Holland, MI, USA.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1998 Aug;19(4):355-69. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2171(98)90093-2.
Amniotic fluid volume should be routinely assessed in every second and third trimester case. A review of amniotic fluid physiology and techniques for ultrasound evaluation of fluid volume is presented. The causes and significance of oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are stressed. Umbilical cord abnormalities are often incidently observed at the time of amniotic fluid evaluation. The clinical significance of some common umbilical cord abnormalities such as a two-vessel cord and nuchal cord are discussed. Other, more uncommon entities such as cord mass lesions are also reviewed. Finally, the role of cord Doppler interrogation in determining fetal well-being is discussed.
在每例孕中期和孕晚期病例中，都应常规评估羊水量。本文介绍了羊水生理学以及超声评估羊水量的技术。强调了羊水过少和羊水过多的原因及意义。在评估羊水时，常常会意外发现脐带异常。讨论了一些常见脐带异常（如单脐动脉和脐带绕颈）的临床意义。还回顾了其他更罕见的情况，如脐带肿块病变。最后，讨论了脐带多普勒检查在确定胎儿健康状况方面的作用。
