Dehaene S, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Cohen L
Inserm U. 334, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA/DSV/DRM, Orsay, France.
Trends Neurosci. 1998 Aug;21(8):355-61. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01263-6.
There is evidence to suggest that animals, young infants and adult humans possess a biologically determined, domain-specific representation of number and of elementary arithmetic operations. Behavioral studies in infants and animals reveal number perception, discrimination and elementary calculation abilities in non-verbal organisms. Lesion and brain-imaging studies in humans indicate that a specific neural substrate, located in the left and right intraparietal area, is associated with knowledge of numbers and their relations ('number sense'). The number domain is a prime example where strong evidence points to an evolutionary endowment of abstract domain-specific knowledge in the brain because there are parallels between number processing in animals and humans.The numerical distance effect, which refers to the finding that the ability to discriminate between two numbers improves as the numerical distance between them increases, has been demonstrated in humans and animals, as has the number size effect,which refers to the finding that for equal numerical distance,discrimination of two numbers worsens as their numerical size increases.
有证据表明，动物、幼儿和成年人拥有一种由生物决定的、特定领域的数字及基本算术运算表征。对婴儿和动物的行为研究揭示了非语言生物的数字感知、辨别和基本计算能力。对人类的损伤和脑成像研究表明，位于左右顶内区域的特定神经基质与数字知识及其关系（“数感”）相关。数字领域是一个有力证据指向大脑中抽象特定领域知识的进化天赋的主要例子，因为动物和人类的数字处理存在相似之处。数字距离效应指的是随着两个数字之间的数值距离增加，辨别它们的能力会提高这一发现，已在人类和动物中得到证实，数字大小效应也是如此，数字大小效应指的是在数值距离相等的情况下，随着两个数字的数值大小增加，对它们的辨别能力会变差。
