Lie M A, van der Weijden G A, Timmerman M F, Loos B G, van Steenbergen T J, van der Velden U
Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Clin Periodontol. 1998 Aug;25(8):677-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02505.x.
The present study primarily aimed at investigating the oral microbiota in smokers and non-smokers with established gingivitis and monitoring its composition during experimental gingivitis. Secondly, it aimed at examining whether the composition of the microbiota is associated with different levels of gingival inflammation during this experimental gingivitis trial. For this purpose, 25 non-dental university students with gingivitis were recruited. 11 subjects were smokers and 14 were non-smokers. After achieving gingival health, they entered a 14-day experimental gingivitis trial. Plaque and bleeding were assessed before entering into the study (intake), at day 0, day 5 and at day 14 of the experiment. Microbiological samples from mucosal sites and dental plaque (taken at intake, day 0, and day 14) were analysed for the presence of Actinomyces species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus species. At day 14 of the experimental period, the level of plaque formation was not different between smokers and non-smokers, but bleeding scores were lower in smokers than in non-smokers (15% and 30% respectively, p=0.01). The change from natural gingivitis to a state of gingival health and a subsequent change from gingival health to experimentally induced gingivitis was accompanied by quantitative alterations in the cultivable microbiota in both groups. Changes were most prominent in the transition from gingival health to experimental gingivitis and were found in dental plaque for Actinomyces species, C. rectus, F. nucleatum, and P. intermedia. Within the group of non-smokers, a distinction was made between subjects with a 'weak' or 'strong' inflammatory response. No relationship with a single bacterial species could be established which would likely explain the differences in levels of inflammation. It is concluded that differences in response to experimental gingivitis are not caused by major differences in the composition of the oral microbiota.
本研究主要旨在调查患有已确诊牙龈炎的吸烟者和非吸烟者的口腔微生物群，并在实验性牙龈炎期间监测其组成。其次，旨在检查在该实验性牙龈炎试验期间，微生物群的组成是否与不同程度的牙龈炎症相关。为此，招募了25名患有牙龈炎的非牙科专业大学生。其中11名受试者为吸烟者，14名是非吸烟者。在实现牙龈健康后，他们进入了为期14天的实验性牙龈炎试验。在进入研究前（入组时）、实验第0天、第5天和第14天评估菌斑和出血情况。对来自黏膜部位和牙菌斑的微生物样本（在入组时、第0天和第14天采集）进行分析，以检测放线菌属、伴放线放线杆菌、福赛坦氏菌、直肠弯曲菌、具核梭杆菌、微小消化链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌和链球菌属的存在情况。在实验期第14天，吸烟者和非吸烟者的菌斑形成水平没有差异，但吸烟者的出血评分低于非吸烟者（分别为15%和30%，p = 0.01）。两组中，从自然牙龈炎状态转变为牙龈健康状态，以及随后从牙龈健康状态转变为实验性诱导牙龈炎的过程，均伴随着可培养微生物群的数量变化。从牙龈健康转变为实验性牙龈炎时变化最为显著，在牙菌斑中发现放线菌属、直肠弯曲菌、具核梭杆菌和中间普氏菌有变化。在非吸烟者组中，根据炎症反应“弱”或“强”对受试者进行了区分。无法确定与单一细菌种类的关系，而这种关系可能解释炎症水平的差异。得出的结论是，对实验性牙龈炎反应的差异并非由口腔微生物群组成的主要差异所致。
