McDermut W, Haaga D A
Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016-8062, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998 Aug;6(3):316-24. doi: 10.1037//1064-1297.6.3.316.
Three classical conditioning models (the conditioned compensatory response, conditioned withdrawal, and conditioned appetitive motivational models) postulate that drug cues evoke physiological and emotional responses associated with motivational states that prompt drug use. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that factors other than classical conditioning can influence emotional and physiological reactivity to drug stimuli. This study tested whether stage of change affects the nature of reactivity to smoking cues among continuing smokers. Precontemplators (smokers not considering quitting) and contemplators (smokers considering quitting in the near future) watched videotapes containing smoking cues. Emotional and physiological responses to the smoking video were contrasted with responses to a neutral videotape. Precontemplators had lower heart rates than did contemplators in response to the smoking videotape. Both contemplators and precontemplators evinced increased positive affect in response to the smoking cue. A comparison sample of nonsmokers did not show any reactivity to the smoking cue. Implications of these findings for conditioning theories of smoking are discussed.
三种经典条件作用模型（条件性代偿反应模型、条件性戒断反应模型和条件性食欲动机模型）假定，药物线索会引发与促使药物使用的动机状态相关的生理和情绪反应。越来越多的证据表明，除经典条件作用外，其他因素也会影响对药物刺激的情绪和生理反应。本研究测试了行为改变阶段是否会影响持续吸烟者对吸烟线索的反应性质。未考虑戒烟者（不考虑戒烟的吸烟者）和考虑戒烟者（考虑在不久的将来戒烟的吸烟者）观看了包含吸烟线索的录像带。将对吸烟视频的情绪和生理反应与对中性录像带的反应进行对比。在观看吸烟录像带时，未考虑戒烟者的心率低于考虑戒烟者。考虑戒烟者和未考虑戒烟者对吸烟线索的反应均表现出积极情绪增加。非吸烟者的对照样本对吸烟线索未表现出任何反应。本文讨论了这些发现对吸烟条件作用理论的意义。
