Crowe M
Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
J Adv Nurs. 1998 Aug;28(2):339-44. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00780.x.
This paper takes a post-structural position to discuss some issues related to the use of qualitative research methodologies in nursing research. Two fundamental assumptions which underpin qualitative approaches are explored in relation to how subjectivity is constructed in the process of data collection. These assumptions reveal an ideological position which proposes that reality can be apprehended by capturing the individual's point of view (subjectivity) and that qualitative researchers can directly represent this lived experience in language (linguistic representation). Post-structural approaches challenge these assumptions which are often an uncritically accepted part of the common sense world and therefore taken to be natural. It proposes that these views of subjectivity and language are not natural but rather cultural. There is a recognition of the wider sociopolitical and historical context in which nursing research takes place and a displacement of normative constructions of subjectivity. It provides nursing with the possibility of challenging existing power structures which determine the individual's experiences of health and illness.
本文采用后结构主义立场，探讨护理研究中与定性研究方法使用相关的一些问题。围绕数据收集过程中主观性是如何构建的，探究了定性研究方法所依据的两个基本假设。这些假设揭示了一种意识形态立场，即认为通过捕捉个体的观点（主观性）就能理解现实，并且定性研究者能够用语言直接呈现这种生活经历（语言表征）。后结构主义方法对这些假设提出了挑战，而这些假设往往是常识世界中未经批判就被接受的部分，因此被视为理所当然。它提出这些关于主观性和语言的观点并非自然形成，而是文化性的。人们认识到护理研究所处的更广泛的社会政治和历史背景，以及对主观性规范建构的取代。它为护理提供了挑战现有权力结构的可能性，这些权力结构决定了个体的健康和疾病体验。
