Effect of subcutaneous administration of calcium channel blockers on nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia.

Recent studies suggest that calcium contributes to peripheral neural mechanisms of hyperalgesia associated with nerve damage. In this animal behavioural study, we examined further the contribution of calcium in neuropathic pain by testing whether subcutaneous administration of either a calcium chelating agent or voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers attenuate nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia to mechanical stimulation. Studies were carried out in animals with partially ligated sciatic nerves, an established animal model of neuropathic pain. The nociceptive flexion reflex was quantified using an Ugo Basile Analgesymeter. Partial nerve injury induced a significant decrease in mechanical threshold compared to the sham operated controls. Daily subcutaneous injections of the calcium chelating agent, Quin 2 (20 microgram/2.5 microliter), significantly attenuated the nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia. Similarly, SNX-111, a N-type channel blocker, also significantly attenuated the nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia. SNX-230, a P and/or Q-type channel blocker, and nifedipine, a L-type channel blocker, had no effect on the hyperalgesia to mechanical stimulation. In control experiments, SNX-111 had no effect on mechanical thresholds when administered subcutaneously in either the hindpaw of normal animals or the back of the neck in nerve injury animals. This study shows that neuropathic pain involves a local calcium-dependent mechanism in the receptive field of intact neurons of an injured nerve, since it can be alleviated by subcutaneous injections of either a calcium chelating agent or SNX-111, a N-type calcium channel blocker. These agents may be effective, peripherally acting therapeutic agents for neuropathic pain.