Olgart L
Elettani és Gyógyszertani Intézet, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Svédország.
Fogorv Sz. 1998 Aug-Sep;91(8-9):247-55.
Experimental stimulation and clinical procedures applied on the tooth crown cause vascular reactions in the dental pulp of cats and rats. These reactions depend on the activation of trigeminal afferent nerves and release of neuropeptides. A brief stimulation causes vasodilation, which is mainly mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). A longer stimulation results in plasma extravasation which is mediated mainly by substance P (SP) and prostaglandins in the pulp. In adjacent oral tissues the mechanisms following stimulation or local irritation are more complex and other mediators are also involved. Nitric oxide (NO) which is instantly produced in the tissues is such a novel mediator. The chemosensitive nature of the nerves involved (capsaicin sensitive) may lead to their activation also by inflammatory mediators released in the tissues. Thus, sensory nerves may modulate the progress of inflammation. Since sensory nerves in oral tissues are often the first structures to be activated during clinical procedures, tissue reactions that occur can be assumed to be initiated and perpetuated by the sensory neuropeptides. Much work is now made to modulate the sensory nerveinduced cascade of events in oral tissues to find new treatment strategies.
作用于牙冠的实验性刺激和临床操作会在猫和大鼠的牙髓中引发血管反应。这些反应取决于三叉神经传入神经的激活和神经肽的释放。短暂刺激会导致血管舒张，这主要由降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）介导。较长时间的刺激会导致血浆外渗，这主要由牙髓中的P物质（SP）和前列腺素介导。在相邻的口腔组织中，刺激或局部刺激后的机制更为复杂，还涉及其他介质。组织中即时产生的一氧化氮（NO）就是这样一种新型介质。所涉及神经的化学敏感特性（对辣椒素敏感）可能也会被组织中释放的炎症介质激活。因此，感觉神经可能会调节炎症的进展。由于口腔组织中的感觉神经通常是临床操作过程中首先被激活的结构，所以可以认为所发生的组织反应是由感觉神经肽引发并持续存在的。目前正在进行大量工作来调节口腔组织中感觉神经诱导的一系列事件，以寻找新的治疗策略。
