Carlson S J, Ziegler E E
Department of Food and Nutrition Services, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA.
J Perinatol. 1998 Jul-Aug;18(4):252-8.
Our purpose was to determine nutrient intakes and growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
The survey consisted of infants admitted during a 9-month period to a tertiary neonatal center. Data were obtained concerning all 51 infants born weighing <1300 gm who survived beyond 21 days of age.
At weekly intervals, intakes of fluid, energy, and protein from all sources were determined and body weight was recorded.
During the first 2 weeks of life, intake of energy (predominantly parenteral) averaged 75 +/- 12 kcal/kg per day and intake of protein averaged 1.9 +/- 0.5 gm/kg per day. From 15 to 35 days, intake of energy (transition from parenteral to enteral) averaged 99 +/- 12 kcal/kg per day and intake of protein averaged 2.5 gm/kg per day. During the period 36 to 56 days (early enteral) and 57 days to term (late enteral), energy intakes were 108 +/- 13 and 110 +/- 15 kcal/kg per day, respectively, and protein intakes were 2.7 +/- 0.5 and 2.7 +/- 0.5 gm/kg per day, respectively. These low intakes of energy and protein (relative to presumed requirements) were explained by low intake volumes and low protein concentrations of feedings. Weight reached birth weight by 14 days of age. Subsequently, weight gains averaged 13.0, 13.8, and 11.6 gm/kg per day, respectively, in successive periods. These gains were lower than would have occurred in utero.
Observed growth of VLBW infants was slow relative to in utero growth, presumably because intakes of energy and, in particular, of protein fell short of intakes needed to duplicate in utero growth. Changes in feeding practices, as well as in composition of feedings, are needed if in utero growth is to be matched.
我们的目的是确定极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿的营养摄入量和生长情况。
该调查涵盖了在9个月期间入住一家三级新生儿中心的婴儿。获取了所有51名出生体重<1300克且存活超过21天的婴儿的数据。
每周测定所有来源的液体、能量和蛋白质摄入量，并记录体重。
在出生后的前2周，能量摄入量（主要为肠外营养）平均为每天75±12千卡/千克，蛋白质摄入量平均为每天1.9±0.5克/千克。在15至35天期间，能量摄入量（从肠外营养过渡到肠内营养）平均为每天99±12千卡/千克，蛋白质摄入量平均为每天2.5克/千克。在36至56天（早期肠内营养）和57天至足月（晚期肠内营养）期间，能量摄入量分别为每天108±13和110±15千卡/千克，蛋白质摄入量分别为每天2.7±0.5和2.7±0.5克/千克。这些能量和蛋白质的低摄入量（相对于假定需求）是由于喂养量低和喂养的蛋白质浓度低所致。体重在14日龄时达到出生体重。随后，在连续的时间段内，体重增加分别平均为每天13.0、13.8和11.6克/千克。这些增长低于在子宫内的增长情况。
观察到的极低出生体重婴儿的生长相对于子宫内生长较慢，推测是因为能量摄入量，尤其是蛋白质摄入量低于复制子宫内生长所需的摄入量。如果要使生长与子宫内生长相匹配，就需要改变喂养方式以及喂养成分。
