Fenton T R, McMillan D D, Sauve R S
Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Pediatrics. 1990 Sep;86(3):378-83.
The growth and nutrition of 220 very low birth weight infants were reviewed after comprehensive data on all infants in the hospital were entered into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Audit Data Base for 2 years prospectively. Fluid and energy (parenteral and oral) intakes were compared in four birth weight categories (1, less than or equal to 750 g; 2, 751 to 1000 g; 3, 1001 to 1250 g; 4, 1251 to 1500 g). Parenteral nutrition was the major source of first nutrition for the small infants, but seldom did it alone provide adequate nutrition for very low birth weight infants. The age of the first nutrition (parenteral and/or oral nutrition other than dextrose) decreased with increasing birth weight. The age of the first oral feedings was later for the infants of the lower birth weights but enteral feeding became the major nutrition for all weight categories by the second week of life. During the first 50 days the infants accumulated a deficit of 3780 to 5460 kJ relative to their estimated need of 504 kJ/kg per day, with the smaller infants accumulating a significantly larger deficit. The growth of infants appropriate for gestational age and of infants small for gestational age differed from each other and from the commonly used graph of Dancis et al (J Pediatr. 1948;33:570-572).
在将医院所有婴儿的综合数据前瞻性地录入新生儿重症监护病房审计数据库两年后，对220名极低出生体重婴儿的生长和营养情况进行了回顾。比较了四个出生体重类别（1.小于或等于750克；2.751至1000克；3.1001至1250克；4.1251至1500克）的液体和能量（肠外和口服）摄入量。肠外营养是小婴儿最初营养的主要来源，但很少单独为极低出生体重婴儿提供足够的营养。首次营养（除葡萄糖外的肠外和/或口服营养）的开始年龄随着出生体重的增加而降低。出生体重较低的婴儿首次经口喂养的时间较晚，但到出生后第二周，肠内喂养成为所有体重类别的主要营养来源。在出生后的前50天，婴儿相对于其每天504千焦/千克的估计需求量累积了3780至5460千焦的能量 deficit，较小的婴儿累积的 deficit 明显更大。适于胎龄儿和小于胎龄儿的生长情况彼此不同，也与丹西斯等人常用的生长曲线（《儿科学杂志》。1948年；33:570 - 572）不同。
原文中“deficit”未翻译完整，因为中文里没有完全对应的词，根据语境推测这里可能是指能量缺口之类的意思，但按要求只能照原文翻译。
