Valleroy L A, MacKellar D A, Karon J M, Janssen R S, Hayman C R
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention--Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998 Sep 1;19(1):67-73. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199809010-00011.
To describe HIV infection prevalence and prevalence trends for disadvantaged out-of-school youth in the United States, we analyzed the HIV prevalence for and demographic characteristics of youth, aged 16 through 21 years, who entered the U.S. Job Corps from January 1990 through December 1996. Job Corps is a federally funded jobs training program for socially and economically disadvantaged out-of-school youth. All 357,443 entrants residing at Job Corps centers during their training were tested for HIV infection; 822 (2.3 per 1000) were HIV-positive. HIV prevalence was higher for women than for men (2.8 per 1000 versus 2.0 per 1000; relative risk [RR]=1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2-1.6). Among racial/ethnic groups, prevalence was highest for African Americans (3.8 per 1000). Prevalence was higher for African American women (4.9 per 1000) than for any other gender and racial/ethnic group. From 1990 through 1996, standardized HIV prevalence-stratified by age, race/ethnicity, home region, population of home metropolitan statistical area, and year of entry--declined for women and for men: for women, from 4.1 per 1000 in 1990 to 2.1 per 1000 in 1996 (p=.001); and for men, from 2.8 per 1000 in 1990 to 1.4 per 1000 in 1996 (p=.001). These data suggest that HIV prevalence for disadvantaged out-of-school youth declined from 1990 through 1996. However, considering their youth, prevalence was still high, particularly for women and African Americans, most notably African American women. These data support the need for ongoing HIV prevention programs targeting such youth.
为描述美国处境不利的失学青年中的艾滋病毒感染流行率及流行趋势，我们分析了1990年1月至1996年12月进入美国职业团的16至21岁青年的艾滋病毒流行率及人口统计学特征。职业团是一项由联邦政府资助的针对社会和经济处境不利的失学青年的就业培训项目。所有在职业团培训中心居住的357,443名学员都接受了艾滋病毒感染检测；822人（每1000人中有2.3人）艾滋病毒呈阳性。女性的艾滋病毒流行率高于男性（每1000人中有2.8人，而男性为每1000人中有2.0人；相对危险度[RR]=1.4；95%置信区间[CI]=1.2 - 1.6）。在种族/族裔群体中，非裔美国人的流行率最高（每1000人中有3.8人）。非裔美国女性的流行率（每1000人中有4.9人）高于其他任何性别和种族/族裔群体。从1990年到1996年，按年龄、种族/族裔、家乡地区、家乡大都市统计区人口以及入学年份进行标准化的艾滋病毒流行率，女性和男性均呈下降趋势：女性从1990年的每1000人中有4.1人降至1996年的每1000人中有2.1人（p = 0.001）；男性从1990年的每1000人中有2.8人降至1996年的每1000人中有1.4人（p = 0.001）。这些数据表明，1990年至1996年期间，处境不利的失学青年中的艾滋病毒流行率有所下降。然而，考虑到他们的年轻，流行率仍然很高，特别是女性和非裔美国人，最显著的是非裔美国女性。这些数据支持针对此类青年开展持续的艾滋病毒预防项目的必要性。
