Martorell R, Khan L K, Hughes M L, Grummer-Strawn L M
Department of International Health, The Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
J Nutr. 1998 Sep;128(9):1464-73. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.9.1464.
National surveys conducted since 1982 were used to assess maternal and child obesity in Latin American and Caribbean countries and in U. S. residents of Mexican descent. Obesity in women, a body mass index (BMI) >/=30 kg/m2, was 3% in Haiti, 8-10% in eight Latin American countries and 29% in Mexican Americans. Median BMI for Latin American women were near or above the 50th percentile of the general U.S. population; values exceeded the 75th percentile in the case of Mexican Americans. The prevalence of overweight (>1 SD above mean weight-for-height) in children 1-5 y of age ranged from 6% in Haiti to 24% in Peru among 13 countries. Overweight occurred in 24% of Mexican-American children. Prevalences of overweight in children and of obesity in women were greater in urban areas and in households of higher socioeconomic status. Overweight in children increased with higher maternal education; however, in some countries, obesity in women decreased with higher education. No general pattern of change over time was observed in eight countries in overweight in children. Obesity in women increased in the three countries with such data and in Mexican-American women and children. There was a tendency for greater national incomes to be associated with greater obesity levels in women and with lower levels of stunting in children. Levels of obesity in the region indicate a public health concern, particularly among women, considering that studies have identified mortality and morbidity risks associated with obesity in adults.
自1982年以来进行的全国性调查被用于评估拉丁美洲和加勒比地区国家以及美国墨西哥裔居民中的母婴肥胖情况。女性肥胖定义为体重指数（BMI）≥30kg/m²，海地女性的肥胖率为3%，八个拉丁美洲国家为8%-10%，墨西哥裔美国人则为29%。拉丁美洲女性的BMI中位数接近或高于美国总体人口的第50百分位数；墨西哥裔美国人的这一数值超过了第75百分位数。在13个国家中，1-5岁儿童超重（高于身高别平均体重1个标准差以上）的患病率从海地的6%到秘鲁的24%不等。24%的墨西哥裔美国儿童超重。儿童超重和女性肥胖在城市地区以及社会经济地位较高的家庭中更为普遍。儿童超重率随着母亲教育程度的提高而上升；然而，在一些国家，女性肥胖率却随着教育程度的提高而下降。在八个国家中未观察到儿童超重情况随时间变化的总体模式。有此类数据的三个国家以及墨西哥裔美国女性和儿童中，女性肥胖率有所上升。国家收入较高往往与女性肥胖水平较高以及儿童发育迟缓水平较低相关。考虑到研究已确定成人肥胖与死亡和发病风险相关，该地区的肥胖水平表明存在公共卫生问题，尤其是在女性中。
