Shlosberg A, Bellaiche M, Berman E, Ben David A, Deeb N, Cahaner A
Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
Poult Sci. 1998 Sep;77(9):1287-96. doi: 10.1093/ps/77.9.1287.
A hypothesis that the ionic composition of drinking water might affect development of the ascites syndrome in broilers was investigated in two trials. The first trial comprised four groups of 650 male chicks. A control treatment was normal tap water and the other three treatments comprised the addition to the tap water of 1,000 mg/L sodium as NaCl, 5,000 mg/L NH4Cl, or 5,000 mg/L KHCO3, supplied from age 2 to 47 d. At Day 28, equally sized subsets of these groups were moved to individual cages, where they received a severe exposure to ambient cold. The development of the ascites syndrome was monitored by measurements of hematocrit and arterial blood oxygen saturation (PaO2) by oximetry, body weight, and examination of dead birds for cause of death. Mortality from ascites in cold-exposed birds from Days 28 to 47 was 28, 48, 40, and 16% in the tap water, NaCl, NH4Cl, and KHCO3 groups, respectively; only the NaCl mortality was significantly different from the tap water mortality. The KHCO3 treatment increased PaO2 (compared with tap water treatment) at Day 28 by 5.5% and at Day 35 by 10.5%, but not at Day 42. The KHCO3 caused a reduction in body weight, which was 13% less than the tap water group at Day 42, probably due to a chronic toxicity. The second trial specifically examined the same parameters with lower water levels of KHCO3 (3,000 and 1,000 mg/L), in comparison to a 10% feed restriction protocol, in order to clarify whether the increased PaO2 was due to a specific effect of the KHCO3 or was a metabolic manifestation of a reduced growth rate. The 3,000 mg/L KHCO3 treatment had no effect on PaO2, but the 1,000 mg/L treatment augmented PaO2 by 5.3% at Day 35 (but not at Days 28 or 42), without reducing the final body weight. The feed restriction group showed an elevated PaO2 of 5.4% at Day 35 (but not at Days 28 or 42), with no reduction in the final body weight. The inclusion of 1,000 mg/L of KHCO3 into the drinking water of broilers or a temporary 10% feed restriction may be means to augment PaO2.
在两项试验中，对饮用水的离子组成可能影响肉鸡腹水综合征发展的假说进行了研究。第一项试验包括四组，每组650只雄性雏鸡。对照处理为正常自来水，其他三种处理是在自来水中添加1000mg/L的氯化钠形式的钠、5000mg/L的氯化铵或5000mg/L的碳酸氢钾，从2日龄至47日龄供应。在第28天，将这些组中大小相同的亚组转移到单独的笼子中，在那里它们受到严重的环境寒冷暴露。通过血细胞比容测量、血氧测定法测量动脉血氧饱和度（PaO2）、体重以及检查死鸡的死因来监测腹水综合征的发展。在第28天至47天，暴露于寒冷的鸡中，自来水管、氯化钠、氯化铵和碳酸氢钾组因腹水导致的死亡率分别为28%、48%、40%和16%；只有氯化钠组的死亡率与自来水组的死亡率有显著差异。碳酸氢钾处理在第28天使PaO2（与自来水处理相比）增加了5.5%，在第35天增加了10.5%，但在第42天没有增加。碳酸氢钾导致体重减轻，在第42天比自来水组轻13%，这可能是由于慢性毒性。第二项试验特别研究了与10%限饲方案相比，较低水平的碳酸氢钾（3000mg/L和1000mg/L）的相同参数，以阐明PaO2的增加是由于碳酸氢钾的特定作用还是生长速率降低的代谢表现。3000mg/L的碳酸氢钾处理对PaO2没有影响，但1000mg/L的处理在第35天使PaO2增加了5.3%（但在第28天或第42天没有增加），且没有降低最终体重。限饲组在第35天显示PaO2升高了5.4%（但在第28天或第42天没有升高），且最终体重没有降低。在肉鸡饮水中添加1000mg/L的碳酸氢钾或临时10%限饲可能是提高PaO2的方法。
