Needleman P
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1978 Aug;62(2):96-102. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(78)90085-4.
The synthesis and release of prostaglandins (PG) primarily involve a series of enzymatic transformations of the fatty acid arachidonic acid. The source of this free fatty acid is thought to be the cleavage by phospholipase A2 of the acyl bond on the 2-position of phospholipids. The liberated arachidonic acid is primarily converted by cyclo-oxygenase (PG-synthetase) into the PG-endoperoxides (PGG2 and PGH2). These compounds represent a critical branch point in PG metabolism since they serve as substrates for the enzymatic synthesis of PGE2, PGD2, thromboxane A2, PGI2 (prostacyclin), as well as some likely products yet to be identified. The ultimate fate of arachidonate in a given tissue is determined by the repertoire of enzymes present. The prostaglandins have a very broad sprectum of identified biological activities and the newly discovered arachidonate metabolites (endoperoxides, thromboxane A2 and PGI2) are labile and extremely potent.
前列腺素（PG）的合成与释放主要涉及脂肪酸花生四烯酸的一系列酶促转化。这种游离脂肪酸的来源被认为是磷脂酶A2对磷脂2位上酰基键的裂解。释放出的花生四烯酸主要由环氧化酶（PG合成酶）转化为PG内过氧化物（PGG2和PGH2）。这些化合物代表了PG代谢中的一个关键分支点，因为它们作为酶促合成PGE2、PGD2、血栓素A2、PGI2（前列环素）以及一些可能尚未鉴定的产物的底物。给定组织中花生四烯酸的最终命运由存在的酶种类决定。前列腺素具有非常广泛的已确定生物活性，新发现的花生四烯酸代谢产物（内过氧化物、血栓素A2和PGI2）不稳定且效力极强。
