Tobias M, Reid S, Lennon D, Meech R, Teele D W
Public Health Group, Ministry of Health, Wellington.
N Z Med J. 1998 Jul 24;111(1070):274-81.
The appropriate use of varicella vaccine, effective in the prevention of chickenpox, has been considered by a Ministry of Health Working Party in 1996 and 1997, including discussion at a workshop held in Wellington, 26-27 June 1996. The introduction of varicella vaccine into the routine childhood immunisation schedule was not supported at this stage. The use of the only varicella vaccine for which the Minister of Health has given consent for distribution in New Zealand, Varilrix (SmithKline Beecham Limited), in healthy children aged nine months to 13 years inclusive, was supported. Consent has not been given for the use of Varilrix in immunocompromised people or in adults. This report discusses other groups that could be candidates for vaccination, such as children with deteriorating renal function and susceptible health care workers who regularly come into contact with especially vulnerable patients. In these cases, the vaccine would need to be administered on a named patient basis. The use of Varilrix in immunocompromised people was not supported.
Enhanced surveillance of chickenpox and zoster are required in New Zealand. Adverse reactions to Varilrix should be carefully monitored.
There are insufficient data at present to support the use of Varilrix in outbreak control. The frequency, cost and current management of nosocomial outbreaks should be ascertained. This information may also assist in the decision whether to incorporate a varicella vaccine into the routine childhood immunisation schedule in the future.
1996年和1997年，卫生部一个工作小组对水痘疫苗的适当使用进行了审议，这一疫苗对预防水痘有效，审议内容包括1996年6月26 - 27日在惠灵顿举行的一次研讨会上的讨论。现阶段不支持将水痘疫苗纳入常规儿童免疫接种计划。支持在9个月至13岁（含）的健康儿童中使用卫生部已同意在新西兰分发的唯一一种水痘疫苗Varilrix（史克必成有限公司生产）。尚未同意在免疫功能低下者或成年人中使用Varilrix。本报告讨论了其他可能适合接种疫苗的群体，如肾功能恶化的儿童以及经常接触特别易感染患者的易感医护人员。在这些情况下，疫苗需要按指定患者使用。不支持在免疫功能低下者中使用Varilrix。
新西兰需要加强对水痘和带状疱疹的监测。应仔细监测对Varilrix的不良反应。
目前没有足够的数据支持在疫情控制中使用Varilrix。应确定医院内疫情的发生频率、成本和当前管理情况。这些信息也可能有助于未来就是否将水痘疫苗纳入常规儿童免疫接种计划做出决策。
