Davis S L, Cheeke P R
Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Aug;76(8):2072-9. doi: 10.2527/1998.7682072x.
Faculty, staff, and graduate students in a number of departments, students in an undergraduate course, and some groups outside the university were polled to obtain their perceptions about whether domestic animals have minds, the ability to think, and differing degrees of intelligence (the surveys focused only on horses, cows, sheep, dogs, chickens, pigs, cats, and turkeys). A clear majority of all groups surveyed (except the Department of Zoology) said yes, they believe animals have minds, but a substantial number of those in animal sciences and zoology (17 to 25%) said no. A number of others in animal sciences, zoology, and philosophy (11 to 37%) refused to answer the question because the concept of mind was not defined. From 80 to 100% of respondents in other groups said yes to the question of minds. From 67 to 100% of all participants said yes, they perceive that animals have the ability to think, but a substantial number of animal scientists, zoologists, veterinarians, and English faculty said no, animals don't think (6 to 33%). On the question Do domestic animals differ in relative intelligence?, the responses varied from 88% in animal sciences to 100%. Surprisingly, when asked to rank different animal species by intelligence, there was a remarkable degree of similarity across all groups regardless of background; the overall ranking from highest intelligence to lowest was dog, cat, pig, horse, cow, sheep, chicken, and turkey. Most of the respondents believed that the possession of minds, thought, and intelligence were relevant factors in how animals should be treated and the prevalent concept was that we should not be cruel to animals, but should treat them humanely.
多个系的教师、工作人员和研究生、一门本科课程的学生以及大学外的一些团体接受了调查，以了解他们对于家畜是否有思维、思考能力以及不同程度智力的看法（调查仅聚焦于马、牛、羊、狗、鸡、猪、猫和火鸡）。所有接受调查的群体（动物学系除外）中，明显多数人表示他们认为动物有思维，但动物科学和动物学领域有相当一部分人（17%至25%）表示没有。动物科学、动物学和哲学领域的其他一些人（11%至37%）拒绝回答这个问题，因为思维的概念没有明确界定。其他群体中80%至100%的受访者对动物是否有思维的问题回答是肯定的。所有参与者中有67%至100%的人表示他们认为动物有思考能力，但相当数量的动物科学家、动物学家、兽医和英语教师表示动物不会思考（6%至33%）。对于“家畜在相对智力方面是否存在差异？”这个问题，回答的比例从动物科学领域的88%到100%不等。令人惊讶的是，当被要求按智力对不同动物物种进行排名时，无论背景如何，所有群体之间都有显著的相似性；从最高智力到最低智力的总体排名是狗、猫、猪、马、牛、羊、鸡和火鸡。大多数受访者认为拥有思维、思考能力和智力是动物应如何被对待的相关因素，普遍的观念是我们不应残忍对待动物，而应善待它们。
