Surfactant protein A (SP-A) forms a novel supraquaternary structure in the form of fibers.

We have found by transmission electron microscopy that bovine surfactant protein A (SP-A) formed extended fibers in the presence of calcium. On phosphatidylcholine or especially dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayers, SP-A at roughly 0.005 mg/ml formed large numbers of fibers and elaborate fibrous networks. This observation suggested that the weak protein:protein interactions amongst free SP-As could be stabilized by phospholipids. In the presence of glycolipid GM1-ganglioside, SP-A's globular headgroup regions appeared enlarged and only small non-fibrous clusters were observed.