Kinghorn A D, Kaneda N, Baek N I, Kennelly E J, Soejarto D D
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
Med Res Rev. 1998 Sep;18(5):347-60. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1128(199809)18:5<347::aid-med5>3.0.co;2-t.
There is a definite relationship between the dietary consumption of sucrose and the incidence of dental caries. Noncaloric sucrose substitutes for use in the sweetening of foods, beverages, and medicines may be either synthetic compounds or natural products. In the United States, four potently sweet artificial sweeteners are approved, namely, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose. Highly sweet plant constituents are used in Japan and some other countries, including the diterpene glycoside stevioside and the protein thaumatin. Recent progress in a research project oriented towards the discovery and evaluation of novel potentially noncariogenic sweeteners from plants has focused on substances in the sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, steroidal saponin, and proanthocyanidin structural classes. The feasibility of using Mongolian gerbil electrophysiological and behavioral assays to monitor the sweetness of plant extracts, chromatographic fractions, and pure isolates has been investigated. An in vivo cariogenicity study on the commercially available natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A has been carried out.
蔗糖的饮食摄入量与龋齿发病率之间存在明确的关系。用于食品、饮料和药品甜味剂的无热量蔗糖替代品可以是合成化合物或天然产物。在美国，四种高效人工甜味剂被批准使用，即糖精、阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾和三氯蔗糖。高甜度植物成分在日本和其他一些国家被使用，包括二萜糖苷甜菊糖苷和蛋白质thaumatin。一个旨在从植物中发现和评估新型潜在非致龋甜味剂的研究项目的最新进展集中在倍半萜、二萜、三萜、甾体皂苷和原花青素结构类别的物质上。已经研究了使用蒙古沙鼠电生理和行为测定法来监测植物提取物、色谱馏分和纯分离物甜度的可行性。已经对市售天然甜味剂甜菊糖苷和莱鲍迪苷A进行了体内致龋性研究。
