Lüders H, Acharya J, Baumgartner C, Benbadis S, Bleasel A, Burgess R, Dinner D S, Ebner A, Foldvary N, Geller E, Hamer H, Holthausen H, Kotagal P, Morris H, Meencke H J, Noachtar S, Rosenow F, Sakamoto A, Steinhoff B J, Tuxhorn I, Wyllie E
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
Epilepsia. 1998 Sep;39(9):1006-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01452.x.
We propose an epileptic seizure classification based exclusively on ictal semiology. In this semiological seizure classification (SSC), seizures are classified as follows: a. Auras are ictal manifestations having sensory, psychosensory, and experiential symptoms. b. Autonomic seizures are seizures in which the main ictal manifestations are objectively documented autonomic alterations. c. "Dialeptic" seizures have as their main ictal manifestations an alteration of consciousness that is independent of ictal EEG manifestations. The new term "dialeptic" seizure has been coined to differentiate this concept from absence seizures (dialeptic seizures with a generalized ictal EEG) and complex partial seizures (dialeptic seizures with a focal ictal EEG). d. Motor seizures are characterized mainly by motor symptoms and are subclassified as simple or complex. Simple motor seizures are characterized by simple, unnatural movements that can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the primary and supplementary motor area (myoclonic, tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic, versive). Complex motor seizures are characterized by complex motor movements that resemble natural movements but that occur in an inappropriate setting ("automatisms"). e. Special seizures include seizures characterized by "negative" features (atonic, astatic, hypomotor, akinetic, and aphasic seizures). The SSC identifies in detail the somatotopic distribution of the ictal semiology as well as the seizure evolution. The advantages of a pure SSC, as opposed to the current classification of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), which is actually a classification of electroclinical syndromes, are discussed.
我们提出一种仅基于发作期症状学的癫痫发作分类方法。在这种症状学发作分类（SSC）中，发作分类如下：a. 先兆是具有感觉、心理感觉和体验性症状的发作期表现。b. 自主神经性发作是指发作期主要表现为客观记录到的自主神经改变的发作。c. “意识障碍性”发作的主要发作期表现是意识改变，且与发作期脑电图表现无关。新术语“意识障碍性”发作是为了将这一概念与失神发作（伴有全身性发作期脑电图的意识障碍性发作）和复杂部分性发作（伴有局灶性发作期脑电图的意识障碍性发作）区分开来。d. 运动性发作主要以运动症状为特征，并细分为简单性或复杂性。简单运动性发作的特征是简单、不自然的运动，可通过对初级和辅助运动区的电刺激诱发（肌阵挛性、强直性、阵挛性和强直 - 阵挛性、旋转性）。复杂运动性发作的特征是类似于自然运动但发生在不适当情境中的复杂运动（“自动症”）。e. 特殊发作包括以“阴性”特征为特点的发作（失张力性、无动性、运动减退性、运动不能性和失语性发作）。SSC详细确定了发作期症状学的躯体定位分布以及发作演变。与国际抗癫痫联盟（ILAE）目前实际上是一种电临床综合征分类的分类方法相比，纯粹的SSC的优势也进行了讨论。
