Galili G, Sengupta-Gopalan C, Ceriotti A
Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Plant Mol Biol. 1998 Sep;38(1-2):1-29.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the port of entry of proteins into the endomembrane system, and it is also involved in lipid biosynthesis and storage. This organelle contains a number of soluble and membrane-associated enzymes and molecular chaperones, which assist the folding and maturation of proteins and the deposition of lipid storage compounds. The regulation of translocation of proteins into the ER and their subsequent maturation within the organelle have been studied in detail in mammalian and yeast cells, and more recently also in plants. These studies showed that in general the functions of the ER in protein synthesis and maturation have been highly conserved between the different organisms. Yet, the ER of plants possesses some additional functions not found in mammalian and yeast cells. This compartment is involved in cell to cell communication via the plasmodesmata, and, in specialized cells, it serves as a storage site for proteins. The plant ER is also equipped with enzymes and structural proteins which are involved in the process of oil body biogenesis and lipid storage. In this review we discuss the components of the plant ER and their function in protein maturation and biogenesis of oil bodies. Due to the large number of cited papers, we were not able to cite all individual references and in many cases we refer the readers to reviews and references therein. We apologize to the authors whose references are not cited.
内质网（ER）是蛋白质进入内膜系统的入口，并且还参与脂质的生物合成与储存。这个细胞器包含许多可溶性和膜相关的酶以及分子伴侣，它们协助蛋白质的折叠与成熟以及脂质储存化合物的沉积。在哺乳动物和酵母细胞中，以及最近在植物中，都对蛋白质向内质网的转运及其在细胞器内随后的成熟过程进行了详细研究。这些研究表明，一般来说，内质网在蛋白质合成和成熟中的功能在不同生物体之间高度保守。然而，植物的内质网具有一些在哺乳动物和酵母细胞中未发现的额外功能。这个区室通过胞间连丝参与细胞间通讯，并且在特化细胞中，它作为蛋白质的储存位点。植物内质网还配备有参与油体生物发生和脂质储存过程的酶和结构蛋白。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了植物内质网的组成部分及其在蛋白质成熟和油体生物发生中的功能。由于引用的论文数量众多，我们无法引用所有的参考文献，在许多情况下，我们请读者参考相关综述及其参考文献。对于未引用其参考文献的作者，我们深表歉意。
