Rosa C
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 1998 Aug;22(4):318-22. doi: 10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80020-7.
Rubella and rubeola are common viral exanthems that may affect women of reproductive age. Effective vaccination programs have greatly decreased their incidence. Although Rubella is a relatively innocuous illness for the nonpregnant patient, transplacental fetal infection with rubella can result in significant and crippling fetal malformations and handicap. Because some women of reproductive age are not appropriately immunized, rubella is still a threat. The practitioner needs to be vigilant in assuring vaccination of susceptible individuals when seen for routine health maintenance. Additionally, at times the obstetrician will be challenged with the evaluation and care of a susceptible pregnant patient who is exposed to rubella. In contrast, rubeola (measles) infection during pregnancy has not been associated with congenital malformations. Affected mothers, however, experience a higher incidence of spontaneous abortions and premature delivery and are themselves at risk for serious complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis.
风疹和麻疹是常见的病毒性疹病，可能会影响育龄女性。有效的疫苗接种计划已大大降低了它们的发病率。虽然风疹对非孕妇来说是一种相对无害的疾病，但风疹经胎盘感染胎儿可导致严重的、致残性的胎儿畸形和残疾。由于一些育龄女性未得到适当免疫，风疹仍然是一种威胁。从业者在为接受常规健康维护的易感个体进行疫苗接种时需保持警惕。此外，有时产科医生会面临对接触风疹的易感孕妇进行评估和护理的挑战。相比之下，孕期感染麻疹与先天性畸形并无关联。然而，受感染的母亲自然流产和早产的发生率较高，并且自身有发生肺炎和脑炎等严重并发症的风险。
