López de la Llave y Rodríguez A, Ruiz González M D, Conejo Olmedilla M A
Universidad Europea de Madrid.
Rev Enferm. 1998 Jul-Aug;21(239-240):15-9.
This article publicizes the results of an overweight treatment program carried out as a working model under the auspices of Primary Health Care. This program placed special emphasis on educational aspects, preventive as well as promoting healthy ways of living; and one in which activities planned towards establishing means of conduct which play a direct role in their users health factors are focused on. This treatment program occurred as a group activity. The 27 participating subjects, 23 women and 4 men, were recommended by their doctor/nurse. Their average age was 37.6 years, +/- 11.3. 19 subjects were overweight with an IMC between 25 and 30; the other 8 had been diagnosed as obese with an IMC over 30. This program took place in the Health Center meeting hall over 4 months, from February through June. Among the elements of this program, these deserve special mention: the use of a vocabulary exempt of adverse connotations, for example, instead of diet we spoke of menus; the establishment of behavioral goals before weight loss goals; the practice of elaborating and designing hypercaloric menus; providing positive reinforcement for those behaviors which increased the level of physical activity which was objectively measured by means of podometers; the practice of eating slowly; etc. At the end of the program, the results showed an average weight loss of 4.2 kilograms, a range of 0.9 to 6.12 K, with respect to the average weight at the start of the program. One can foresee that this loss will continue to occur, especially in those cases where the subject had modified some habits such as eating rapidly or performing physical exercise related to overweightness. These results are open to discussion regarding the efficiency of the program and with regards to this program as an example of a coordinated effort between the Mental Health Unit and a Primary Health Care Team in relation to the design and implementation of health programs directed towards the attention of people with overweight problems.
本文公布了一项在初级卫生保健支持下作为工作模式开展的超重治疗项目的结果。该项目特别强调教育方面，包括预防以及推广健康的生活方式；并且重点关注那些旨在建立对使用者健康因素有直接作用的行为方式的活动。这个治疗项目是以小组活动的形式进行的。27名参与对象，23名女性和4名男性，由他们的医生/护士推荐。他们的平均年龄为37.6岁，正负11.3岁。19名对象超重，身体质量指数（IMC）在25至30之间；另外8名被诊断为肥胖，IMC超过30。该项目于2月至6月在健康中心会议室进行了4个月。在这个项目的各项内容中，以下几点值得特别提及：使用无负面含义的词汇，例如，我们不说节食，而是说菜单；在设定减重目标之前先确立行为目标；制定和设计高热量菜单的做法；对那些通过计步器客观测量显示增加了身体活动水平的行为给予积极强化；细嚼慢咽的做法等等。在项目结束时，结果显示，相对于项目开始时的平均体重，平均减重4.2千克，范围在0.9至6.12千克之间。可以预见，这种体重减轻将持续下去，特别是在那些对象改变了一些习惯的情况下，比如进食过快或进行与超重相关的体育锻炼。关于该项目的成效以及作为心理健康部门与初级卫生保健团队在设计和实施针对超重问题人群的健康项目方面协同努力的一个范例，这些结果有待讨论。
