Holly A, Wittchen H U
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology Unit, Munich, Germany.
Eur Addict Res. 1998 Mar;4(1-2):50-7. doi: 10.1159/000018928.
First use and initiation of regular alcohol use has been frequently found to start in adolescence. However, only few studies have also investigated how many adolescents proceed during ages 14-24 to harmful drinking or even develop alcohol use disorders. This paper - using the EDSP baseline sample of 3,021 community respondents from the Munich area - examines the prevalence of use, abuse and dependence and investigates the dose/disorder relationship. Alcohol abuse was reported by 9.7% of respondents and alcohol dependence by 6.2%. Men were more likely to report an alcohol disorder than women, prevalence also increased in the older age cohorts. However, even among 14- to 17-year-olds a substantial proportion of respondents report high and regular consumption rates, the occurrence of abuse and dependence criteria and even a full dependence syndrome. There is however only a moderate association between average number of standard drinks consumed with the risk of developing abuse and dependence. In light of the substantial rates among adolescents and young adults the validity of DSM-IV alcohol disorder criteria is discussed.
首次使用并开始经常饮酒的情况经常被发现始于青春期。然而，只有少数研究也调查了在14至24岁期间有多少青少年会发展为有害饮酒甚至患上酒精使用障碍。本文利用来自慕尼黑地区的3021名社区受访者的EDSP基线样本，研究了饮酒、滥用和依赖的患病率，并调查了剂量/障碍关系。9.7%的受访者报告有酒精滥用，6.2%报告有酒精依赖。男性比女性更有可能报告有酒精障碍，患病率在年龄较大的队列中也有所增加。然而，即使在14至17岁的青少年中，也有相当比例的受访者报告有高频率和规律的饮酒率、出现滥用和依赖标准甚至完全的依赖综合征。然而，平均饮用标准饮料的数量与发展为滥用和依赖的风险之间只有适度的关联。鉴于青少年和年轻人中的高患病率，本文讨论了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）酒精障碍标准的有效性。
