Franck L S, Vilardi J, Durand D, Powers R
School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Am J Crit Care. 1998 Sep;7(5):364-9.
Complications of opioid analgesia include tolerance and withdrawal.
To determine the effects of morphine and fentanyl on the prevalence of withdrawal after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Two groups of neonates were compared during and after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective group receiving a continuous infusion of morphine for analgesia and sedation and a retrospective group who had received a continuous infusion of fentanyl.
Neonates receiving morphine required significantly less supplemental analgesia (P < .001) than did neonates who had received fentanyl and had a significantly lower prevalence of withdrawal after the therapy (P = .01). Neonates receiving morphine were discharged from the hospital a mean of 9.6 days sooner (P = .01) than neonates who had received fentanyl.
Morphine may offer marked advantages over fentanyl for providing continuous analgesia and sedation in neonates.
阿片类镇痛的并发症包括耐受性和戒断反应。
确定吗啡和芬太尼对体外膜肺氧合术后戒断发生率的影响。
在体外膜肺氧合期间及之后对两组新生儿进行比较：一组为前瞻性组，持续输注吗啡用于镇痛和镇静；另一组为回顾性组，曾持续输注芬太尼。
接受吗啡治疗的新生儿所需补充镇痛药物显著少于接受芬太尼治疗的新生儿（P <.001），且治疗后戒断发生率显著更低（P =.01）。接受吗啡治疗的新生儿出院时间比接受芬太尼治疗的新生儿平均早9.6天（P =.01）。
在为新生儿提供持续镇痛和镇静方面，吗啡可能比芬太尼具有显著优势。
