Iriarte J, Bel Y, Ferrandis M D, Andrew R, Murillo J, Ferré J, Caballero P
Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Syst Appl Microbiol. 1998 Mar;21(1):97-106. doi: 10.1016/S0723-2020(98)80012-X.
Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 301 out of 1,005 samples collected in Spain from agricultural and non-cultivated soils, dust from stored products, and dead insects. Based on the production of parasporal crystals, 1,401 isolates were identified as B. thuringiensis after examining 11,982 B. thuringiensis-like colonies. We found a greater presence of B. thuringiensis in dust from grain storages than in other habitats. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the spore-crystal mixtures revealed diverse populations of B. thuringiensis which were differentiated in at least 92 distinct protein profiles. Serological identification also showed great diversity among the Spanish isolates which were distributed among 38 of the 58 known serovars. The most frequently found serovars were aizawai, kurstaki, konkukian, morrisoni, and thuringiensis, which together represented more than 50% of the serotyped isolates. In preliminary toxicity assays, a number of isolates were found to show significant insecticidal activity against the lepidopterans Heliothis armigera (76.1% of the assayed isolates), Spodoptera exigua (50.5%), and Plutella xylostella (19.7%). Thirty five isolates were toxic to both H. armigera and S. exigua, and eight were toxic to S. exigua and P. xylostella. Four and one isolates were toxic to the coleopterans Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Colaspidema atrum, respectively, and three to the dipteran Tipula oleracea. The electrophoretic pattern and serovar of most of the isolates with toxic activity were consistent with those reported in the literature, although other isolates revealed unusual protein profiles, were assigned to new H serovars, or were included in H serovars not previously reported within such pathotypes.
从西班牙采集的1005份样本（包括农业土壤、非耕地土壤、储存产品灰尘和死昆虫）中，有301份分离出了苏云金芽孢杆菌。在检查了11982个类苏云金芽孢杆菌菌落之后，基于伴孢晶体的产生情况，有1401个分离株被鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌。我们发现，粮食储存处灰尘中的苏云金芽孢杆菌比其他栖息地中的更多。对芽孢-晶体混合物进行的十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示，苏云金芽孢杆菌存在多种类型，至少可分为92种不同的蛋白质谱型。血清学鉴定也表明，西班牙分离株之间存在很大差异，它们分布在58种已知血清型中的38种之中。最常见的血清型是aizawai、kurstaki、konkukian、morrisoni和thuringiensis，它们总共占已分型分离株的50%以上。在初步毒性试验中，发现许多分离株对鳞翅目昆虫棉铃虫（占试验分离株的76.1%）、甜菜夜蛾（50.5%）和小菜蛾（19.7%）具有显著的杀虫活性。35个分离株对棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾均有毒性，8个对甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾有毒性。分别有4个和1个分离株对鞘翅目昆虫马铃薯甲虫和深色刺胫叶甲有毒性，3个对双翅目昆虫欧洲大蚊有毒性。大多数具有毒性活性的分离株的电泳图谱和血清型与文献报道一致，不过其他分离株显示出不同寻常的蛋白质谱型，被归入新的H血清型，或者被归入此类致病型中以前未报道过的H血清型。
