Fischer B, Rehm J
Addiction Research Foundation and University of Toronto, Canada.
Eur Addict Res. 1998 Sep;4(3):89-101. doi: 10.1159/000018931.
The combination of intoxication and criminal responsibility has been a problem field for legal theory and practice for quite some time. While it has been argued in certain contexts that intoxication reduces or denies criminal responsibility, elsewhere it has been reasoned that intoxicated offenders should be held as (or even more so) legally responsible as sober ones. But even in legal systems where the criminal responsibility of intoxicated offenders is emphasized, legal theory and practice are confronted with the challenge of converting such values into workable jurisprudence, since many intoxicated offenders naturally lack one of the key premises for responsibility for a criminal act, namely mens rea. This article compares the very different legal philosophies and practices that have evolved around the issue of intoxication and criminal responsibility in Canada and Germany. While the Canadian system has long and in a variety of ways tried to reconcile the inherent tensions between the principles of legal culpability and the intent to punish intoxicated offenders in material law, the German system has produced a set of legal tools that allow for a pragmatic and ends-oriented approach. This article concludes that the evolution and profile of these legal schemes is likely linked to the cultural status of alcohol and drinking in the respective system context.
中毒与刑事责任的结合在相当长的一段时间里一直是法律理论和实践的一个问题领域。虽然在某些情况下有人认为中毒会减轻或否定刑事责任，但在其他地方也有人认为，醉酒的罪犯应该被视为（甚至更应该被视为）与清醒的罪犯负有同样的法律责任。但即使在强调醉酒罪犯刑事责任的法律体系中，法律理论和实践也面临着将这些价值观转化为可行的判例法的挑战，因为许多醉酒罪犯自然缺乏对犯罪行为承担责任的一个关键前提，即犯罪意图。本文比较了加拿大和德国围绕中毒与刑事责任问题发展起来的截然不同的法律理念和实践。加拿大的法律体系长期以来一直试图以各种方式调和法律罪责原则与实体法中惩罚醉酒罪犯意图之间的内在紧张关系，而德国的法律体系则产生了一套法律工具，允许采取务实和以结果为导向的方法。本文的结论是，这些法律制度的演变和特点可能与各自体系背景下酒精和饮酒的文化状况有关。
