Stockwell T, Masters L, Philips M, Daly A, Gahegan M, Midford R, Philp A
National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998 Apr;22(2):237-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.1998.tb01180.x.
To determine whether population levels of consumption of some alcoholic beverages are more closely associated with levels of harm than others, particularly if consumption of cask wine is more strongly related to rates of acute alcohol problems than consumption of bottled wine as a consequence of the extremely low rates of federal tax levied on the former.
A database of alcohol consumption and related problems was established for 130 areas of Western Australia. Demographic and economic data for these areas were included from the 1991 census. Empirically derived assumptions regarding the mean wholesale price of cask and bottled wine were utilised. Regression analyses examined the extent to which the consumption of different alcoholic beverages predicted levels of major varieties of harm.
Only cask wine and high-strength beer consumption were significantly associated with rates of night-time assault; consumption of all beverage varieties except bottled wine was significantly associated with rates of acute alcohol-related morbidity. Further analyses, which included controls for an effect of total alcohol consumption, confirmed the pronounced contributions of cask wine and high-strength beer to rates of night assaults and acute alcohol-related morbidity. The proportion of all alcohol consumed as low-alcohol beer was significantly negatively associated with these harms.
The beverages most associated with rates of night-time assaults and acute alcohol-related morbidity are those with the lowest federal taxation per standard drink, i.e. cask not bottled wine and regular-strength not low-alcohol beer.
确定某些酒精饮料的人群消费水平与危害程度之间的关联是否比其他饮料更为密切，特别是由于桶装葡萄酒的联邦税率极低，其消费是否比瓶装葡萄酒的消费与急性酒精问题发生率的关系更为紧密。
为西澳大利亚的130个地区建立了一个酒精消费及相关问题的数据库。这些地区的人口统计和经济数据来自1991年的人口普查。利用了关于桶装葡萄酒和瓶装葡萄酒平均批发价格的经验性假设。回归分析考察了不同酒精饮料的消费对主要危害类型水平的预测程度。
只有桶装葡萄酒和高强度啤酒的消费与夜间袭击发生率显著相关；除瓶装葡萄酒外的所有饮料品种的消费都与急性酒精相关发病率显著相关。进一步的分析，包括对总酒精消费影响的控制，证实了桶装葡萄酒和高强度啤酒对夜间袭击率和急性酒精相关发病率的显著贡献。作为低酒精啤酒消费的所有酒精的比例与这些危害显著负相关。
与夜间袭击率和急性酒精相关发病率最相关的饮料是每标准饮酒单位联邦税收最低的那些饮料，即桶装而非瓶装葡萄酒，以及普通强度而非低酒精啤酒。
