Agronin M E
University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, VA Medical Center, USA.
Geriatrics. 1998 Sep;53 Suppl 1:S35-40.
Personality structure, defined as an enduring, consistent, and unique set of behavioral traits that differentiates one individual from another, forms the foundation of a person's response to both normal and pathologic aging. Although normal aging of the brain may not greatly influence personality, brain injury and disease often lead to personality change. Overall personality traits have been found to be stable within cohorts over time, although with several discrete changes. An older individual's responses to age-related stress will depend on the balance of personality strengths and weaknesses. Severe or multiple stresses in late life may overwhelm an individual's coping skills and lead to personality change. Personality disorders, defined as enduring and pervasive patterns of maladaptive behaviors, are challenging to diagnose in late life and have a variable course depending on the type of personality disorder or disorders. More research is needed to improve diagnosis and better understand the manifestations of late-life personality disorders.
人格结构被定义为一组持久、一致且独特的行为特征，这些特征使一个人与另一个人区分开来，它构成了一个人对正常衰老和病理性衰老反应的基础。虽然大脑的正常衰老可能不会对人格产生太大影响，但脑损伤和疾病往往会导致人格改变。总体而言，尽管存在一些离散变化，但随着时间的推移，同年龄组内的人格特质已被发现是稳定的。老年人对与年龄相关压力的反应将取决于人格优势和劣势的平衡。晚年的严重或多重压力可能会压垮一个人的应对能力并导致人格改变。人格障碍被定义为持久且普遍存在的适应不良行为模式，在晚年很难诊断，并且根据人格障碍的类型而有不同的病程。需要更多的研究来改善诊断并更好地理解晚年人格障碍的表现。
