Kerr J, Ward G, Avons S E
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1998 Sep;24(5):1316-23. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.24.5.1316.
The recency-to-primacy shift represents a major challenge for all theories that attempt to explain the effects of serial order on memory. At short retention intervals, strong recency and no primacy effects occur, but as the retention interval increases, recency is attenuated and primacy increases. In 2 experiments, 24 participants were presented with sets of 4 unfamiliar faces and were asked to state the serial position of a probe face after 0 or 10 s. The predicted recency-to-primacy shift was obtained with accuracy responses. However, the distribution of responses also showed that there was a change in response bias with retention interval. When this was corrected for, the recency-to-primacy shift was eliminated. Response bias is suggested as the underlying cause of the recency-to-primacy shift in this task.
新近到首位的转变对所有试图解释系列顺序对记忆影响的理论而言都是一项重大挑战。在较短的保持间隔下，会出现强烈的新近效应且无首位效应，但随着保持间隔增加，新近效应减弱而首位效应增强。在两项实验中，向24名参与者展示一组4张不熟悉的面孔，并要求他们在0秒或10秒后说出探测面孔的序列位置。通过准确性反应获得了预测的新近到首位的转变。然而，反应分布也表明，随着保持间隔，反应偏差发生了变化。对此进行校正后，新近到首位的转变就消除了。反应偏差被认为是该任务中新近到首位转变的潜在原因。
