Chalyshev A V
Institute of Physiology, Komi Research Centre, Urals Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Usp Fiziol Nauk. 1998 Jul-Sep;29(3):92-104.
Dietary character of ruminants in the north is principally different between "nonselective" (cattle, sheep) and "selective" (reindeer, moose) species. Due to the developed polyfunctioning, forestomach in ruminants, primarily rumen and reticulum, are involved in the homeostasis formation in enteral and interior mediums, nutrients deposition and recirculation. That provides efficiency in utilization of deficient in nutrients forage and body reserves of wild ruminants during the winter. The original functional organization of absorption processes and nutrients recirculation across the multilayer epithelium of forestomach also promotes realization of the two levels metabolism during the year and adaptation of wild ruminants to season dynamics of nutrition.
北方反刍动物的饮食特性在“非选择性”（牛、羊）和“选择性”（驯鹿、驼鹿）物种之间存在显著差异。由于反刍动物前胃（主要是瘤胃和网胃）的多功能性发达，它们参与了肠道和体内介质的稳态形成、营养物质的沉积和再循环。这使得野生反刍动物在冬季能够高效利用营养匮乏的草料和身体储备。前胃多层上皮细胞吸收过程和营养物质再循环的原始功能组织，也有助于全年实现两级代谢，并使野生反刍动物适应营养的季节动态变化。
