Engels J A, van der Gulden J W, Senden T F, Kolk J J, Binkhorst R A
Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998 Jul;71(5):336-42. doi: 10.1007/s004200050289.
To evaluate the results of an ergonomic-educational course for nurses we assessed the number and percentage of harmful postures and of ergonomic and biomechanical errors made before and after the course. We also studied the perceived physical exertion.
In all, 12 nurses who had participated in the course (trainees) and 12 who had not (controls) were recorded on video while performing standardized nursing tasks. The wards from which the two groups of nurses came were comparable, as were the patient populations. The nurses were also comparable in some personal characteristics. The tasks they performed included washing, lifting, and repositioning a patient as well as certain tasks other than patient handling. Video recordings were made once before (1-2 weeks) and twice after the course (after 3 months and after 15 months). The harmful postures, the errors made, and the ratings of perceived exertion were measured by means of the Ovako Working-posture Analysis System (OWAS), a checklist, and Borg scores, respectively.
When the first and last measurements of all the above tasks taken as a whole were analyzed the trainees showed a significant improvement in the number and percentage of harmful postures and errors, whereas the controls did not. The same could be concluded for lifting alone. After the course the new work routine did not appear to have caused any extra perceived physical exertion.
It can be concluded that the course was successful, although it should be carefully investigated as to whether nurses remain capable of working safely in daily practice. The work pressure that nurses experience during their normal duties could prevent them from working safely during everyday work.
为评估针对护士的人体工程学教育课程的效果，我们对课程前后有害姿势的数量及比例、人体工程学和生物力学错误进行了评估。我们还研究了感知到的体力消耗情况。
共有12名参加过该课程的护士（学员）和12名未参加过该课程的护士（对照组）在执行标准化护理任务时被录像。两组护士所在的病房具有可比性，患者群体也具有可比性。两组护士在一些个人特征方面也具有可比性。她们执行的任务包括为患者洗澡、搬运和重新安置患者以及一些非患者护理的特定任务。在课程前（1 - 2周）进行一次录像，课程后（3个月后和15个月后）进行两次录像。有害姿势、所犯错误以及感知到的体力消耗评分分别通过奥瓦科工作姿势分析系统（OWAS）、一份清单和博格评分进行测量。
对上述所有任务的首次和末次测量结果进行整体分析时，学员在有害姿势和错误的数量及比例方面有显著改善，而对照组则没有。单独针对搬运任务得出了相同结论。课程结束后，新的工作流程似乎并未导致额外的感知到的体力消耗。
可以得出结论，该课程是成功的，不过对于护士在日常实践中是否仍能安全工作，应进行仔细调查。护士在日常工作中所经历的工作压力可能会妨碍她们在日常工作中安全地工作。
