De Caro S A
Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Spat Vis. 1998;11(4):385-99. doi: 10.1163/156856898x00095.
A novel paradigm, description-depiction classification (DDC), was used to test whether knowledge of object orientation in the picture plane precedes or follows object identification. Undergraduate students were asked to verify the identities and orientations of depicted objects against preceding descriptions, e.g. 'UPRIGHT CAR'. The results showed that identity mismatches were verified faster and more accurately than orientation mismatches, regardless of whether subjects had to discriminate small (90 deg) or large (180 deg) differences in orientation. These findings suggest there is primacy for identity information in that (a) subjects determine object identity before they determine object orientation, and (b) even when orientation is determined, identity information tends to dominate the response. This is the signature of a perceptual-cognitive system that has evolved to rapidly identify objects, not their orientations, contra to theories of recognition that assume orientation is determined before an object has been classified at the basic level.
一种新的范式，即描述-描绘分类（DDC），被用于测试画面平面中物体方向的知识是先于还是后于物体识别。大学生被要求根据之前的描述，如“直立汽车”，来验证所描绘物体的身份和方向。结果表明，无论受试者需要辨别小（90度）还是大（180度）的方向差异，身份不匹配的验证都比方向不匹配的验证更快、更准确。这些发现表明，身份信息具有首要性，即（a）受试者在确定物体方向之前先确定物体身份，并且（b）即使在确定了方向之后，身份信息也往往主导反应。这是一个感知-认知系统的特征，该系统已经进化到能够快速识别物体，而不是它们的方向，这与假设在物体在基本水平上被分类之前就确定方向的识别理论相反。
