Doggweiler R, Jasmin L, Schmidt R A
Department of Urology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, USA.
J Urol. 1998 Oct;160(4):1551-6.
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a useful tool for mapping the control circuitry of the spinal cord. In the process of mapping CNS regulatory pathways for the lower urinary tract, a hemorrhagic change in the bladder was observed that was not overtly evident in other pelvic organs. The relationship between the appearance of hemorrhagic changes in the bladder and the evolution of PRV induced changes in the spinal cord was therefore explored.
Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with PRV into the ACD tail-muscle. Bladder and CNS fixation were achieved by transcardial perfusion with formaldehyde. Multi-level sections were obtained from T8 through S4. Fixed tissue was stained and evaluated by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical stains were carried out for PRV and iNOS on spinal cord tissue. We were therefore able to evaluate the relationship between the manifestation of the hemorrhagic cystitis, appearance of the PRV in the spinal cord and evidence of CNS inflammation.
The evolution of hemorrhagic cystitis paralleled the evidence of inflammation in the thoraco-lumbar and sacral cord. These bladders contained 5 to 9 ml. of bloody urine (a normal rat bladder contains 1 to 2 ml.). On cystomanometry (CMG) the bladders were acontractile. No PRV could be cultured in the hemorrhagic bladders. The histological changes observed in the bladder represent true inflammation.
There was no obvious explanation for these changes other than the associated inflammatory changes in the spinal cord. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a spinal cord stress, via an unknown metabolic pathway, can result in dramatic, neurogenically mediated changes in the bladder.
伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）是绘制脊髓控制回路的有用工具。在绘制下尿路中枢神经系统调节通路的过程中，观察到膀胱出现了出血性变化，而其他盆腔器官并未明显出现这种情况。因此，探讨了膀胱出血性变化的出现与PRV诱导的脊髓变化演变之间的关系。
将PRV注射到Sprague-Dawley大鼠的ACD尾肌中。通过经心脏灌注甲醛实现膀胱和中枢神经系统的固定。从T8到S4获取多级切片。对固定组织进行染色并通过光学显微镜进行评估。对脊髓组织进行PRV和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的免疫组织化学染色。因此，我们能够评估出血性膀胱炎的表现、脊髓中PRV的出现与中枢神经系统炎症证据之间的关系。
出血性膀胱炎的演变与胸腰段和骶段脊髓的炎症证据平行。这些膀胱含有5至9毫升血尿（正常大鼠膀胱含有1至2毫升）。在膀胱测压（CMG）中，膀胱无收缩能力。在出血性膀胱中未培养出PRV。在膀胱中观察到的组织学变化代表真正的炎症。
除了脊髓中相关的炎症变化外，没有明显的解释可以说明这些变化。这些发现与以下假设一致，即脊髓应激通过未知的代谢途径可导致膀胱发生显著的、神经源性介导的变化。
