Lieber C S, Leo M A
Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Recent Dev Alcohol. 1998;14:7-40. doi: 10.1007/0-306-47148-5_2.
Current knowledge of alcohol oxidation and its effects on hepatic metabolism and its toxicity are summarized. This includes an evaluation of the relationship of the level of consumption to its interaction with nutrients (especially retinoids, carotenoids, and folate) and the development of various stages of liver disease. Ethanol metabolism in the stomach and its link to pathology and Helicobacter pylori is reviewed. Promising therapeutic approaches evolving from newly gained insight in the pathogenesis of medical complications of alcoholism are outlined. At present, the established approach for the prevention and treatment of alcoholism are outlined. At present, the established approach for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver injury is to control alcohol abuse, with the judicial application of selective antioxidant therapy, instituted at early stages, prior to the social or medical disintegration of the patient, and associated with antiinflammatory agents at the acute phase of alcoholic hepatitis. In addition, effective antifibrotic therapy may soon become available.
本文总结了目前关于酒精氧化及其对肝脏代谢和毒性影响的知识。这包括评估饮酒量与其与营养素（特别是类视黄醇、类胡萝卜素和叶酸）相互作用以及肝脏疾病各个阶段发展之间的关系。本文还回顾了胃中的乙醇代谢及其与病理学和幽门螺杆菌的联系。概述了从对酒精中毒医学并发症发病机制的新认识中发展出的有前景的治疗方法。目前，概述了已确立的酒精中毒预防和治疗方法。目前，酒精性肝损伤的既定预防和治疗方法是控制酒精滥用，在患者出现社会或医学功能障碍之前的早期阶段，合理应用选择性抗氧化疗法，并在酒精性肝炎急性期联合使用抗炎药物。此外，有效的抗纤维化治疗可能很快就会出现。
