Griffioen R W, de Jongh F H
Emma Kinderziekenhuis AMC, afd. Kinderpulmonologie, Amsterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 Jun 27;142(26):1488-93.
Given its pros and cons the indication for nebulisation therapy is limited. Nebulisation is cumbersome, expensive, time-consuming and often unnecessary even during severe bronchial obstruction. Inhalation is simple with metered dose inhalers and small inhalation chambers with low or no static charge and a mask over mouth and nose. Inhalation therapy in young children can fail on many points, with the risk that treatment is considered ineffective. Good instruction and control of correct use are mandatory. Inhalation therapy for small children has to focus on effective drug delivery, particularly during conditions like dyspnoea, tachypnoea and bronchial obstruction, because otherwise the therapy will fail when most needed. Of the three inhalation chambers available for small children, viz. the Babyhaler, the Aerochamber and the metal Nebuhaler, the last two are to be preferred. Since in the near future hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) aerosols will replace chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) aerosols an increased bronchial deposition has to be taken into account.
考虑到雾化治疗的利弊，其适用范围有限。雾化治疗麻烦、昂贵、耗时，甚至在严重支气管阻塞时往往也不必要。使用定量吸入器和带有低静电或无静电的小型吸入室，并在口鼻处佩戴面罩进行吸入治疗很简单。幼儿吸入治疗在很多方面可能失败，存在治疗被认为无效的风险。必须进行良好的指导并控制正确使用方法。幼儿吸入治疗必须注重有效的药物递送，尤其是在呼吸困难、呼吸急促和支气管阻塞等情况下，否则在最需要治疗时治疗将会失败。对于幼儿可用的三种吸入室，即婴儿吸入器、空气吸入室和金属雾化吸入器，后两种更值得推荐。由于在不久的将来氢氟烷烃（HFA）气雾剂将取代氯氟烃（CFC）气雾剂，必须考虑到支气管沉积的增加。
