Muramoto O
Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR, USA.
J Med Ethics. 1998 Aug;24(4):223-30. doi: 10.1136/jme.24.4.223.
Jehovah's Witnesses' (JWs) refusal of blood transfusions has recently gained support in the medical community because of the growing popularity of "no-blood" treatment. Many physicians, particularly so-called "sympathetic doctors", are establishing a close relationship with this religious organization. On the other hand, it is little known that this blood doctrine is being strongly criticized by reform-minded current and former JWs who have expressed conscientious dissent from the organization. Their arguments reveal religious practices that conflict with many physicians' moral standards. They also suggest that a certain segment of "regular" or orthodox JWs may have different attitudes towards the blood doctrine. The author considers these viewpoints and argues that there are ethical flaws in the blood doctrine, and that the medical community should reconsider its supportive position. The usual physician assumption that JWs are acting autonomously and uniformly in refusing blood is seriously questioned.
耶和华见证人的拒输血行为近来在医学界获得了支持，这是因为“无血”治疗日益流行。许多医生，尤其是所谓的“同情派医生”，正在与这个宗教组织建立密切关系。另一方面，鲜为人知的是，这种输血教义正受到思想开明的现任和前任耶和华见证人成员的强烈批评，他们已表达了对该组织出于良心的异议。他们的论点揭示了与许多医生道德标准相冲突的宗教做法。他们还表明，一部分“普通”或正统的耶和华见证人可能对输血教义有不同态度。作者考虑了这些观点，并认为输血教义存在伦理缺陷，医学界应重新审视其支持立场。医生们通常认为耶和华见证人在拒绝输血时是自主且一致行动的这一假设受到了严重质疑。
