Takeda F, Miyaji F, Yamaguchi T, Nozaki S
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1998 Jun;45(6):564-71.
To ascertain the state of a mother's depression three months after childbirth and to what sort of or to whose social support it is related.
In October 1993, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the attributes, state of depression by Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, and social support of 300 mothers who received health examinations of their 3 to 4 months' old infants at five health centers in Tokyo. Relationship between depression and social support of 256 mothers (rate of valid answer 85.3%) was examined by one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.
The depression score averaged 37.3 points, with 73 persons (28.5%) scoring 40 to 47 points (light) and 27 persons (10.5%) scoring 48 or more points (medium level or higher). The following were the variables which individually showed a significant relationship to the depression score after controlling for age, education, number of children, type of family, and whether or not the mother was working: The emotional support score from the husband and his parents, such as the frequency in which the husband "listened to the mother's worries and anxieties" "was attentive or considerate to the mother" and "helped in feeding the child", the frequency in which the husband's parents "could be consulted on worries the mother had about childbirth, child care and child development" and "nursed and played with the child". It was found that the better the state of such support, the less the state of depression. On the other hand, support from the mother's parents, neighbors, and friends had no bearing on depression.
The level of depression of the surveyed group was the same as that of the general female public. Postpartum depression was related to emotional support from the husband and emotional and practical support from the husband's parents. Therefore, from the aspect of preventing depression, we believe it is important that, firstly, the mother and family should understand the importance of support and improve the support by the family, and, secondly, the mother herself should improve her ability to cope.
确定产后三个月母亲的抑郁状况以及与之相关的社会支持类型或对象。
1993年10月，对在东京五个健康中心为3至4个月大婴儿进行健康检查的300名母亲进行了问卷调查，内容包括其属性、采用zung自评抑郁量表的抑郁状况以及社会支持情况。通过单因素方差分析、皮尔逊积矩相关系数和多元回归分析，对256名母亲（有效回答率85.3%）的抑郁与社会支持之间的关系进行了研究。
抑郁得分平均为37.3分，73人（28.5%）得分在40至47分（轻度），27人（10.5%）得分在48分及以上（中度及以上）。在控制年龄、教育程度、子女数量、家庭类型以及母亲是否工作等因素后，以下变量分别与抑郁得分呈现显著关系：丈夫及其父母的情感支持得分，如丈夫“倾听母亲的担忧和焦虑”“体贴或照顾母亲”以及“帮忙照顾孩子”的频率，丈夫父母“能就母亲在分娩、育儿和儿童发育方面的担忧提供咨询”以及“照顾和陪伴孩子玩耍”的频率。研究发现，这种支持状况越好，抑郁程度越低。另一方面，来自母亲的父母、邻居和朋友的支持与抑郁无关。
被调查群体的抑郁水平与一般女性群体相同。产后抑郁与丈夫的情感支持以及丈夫父母的情感和实际支持有关。因此，从预防抑郁的角度来看，我们认为首先母亲和家庭应认识到支持的重要性并改善家庭支持，其次母亲自身应提高应对能力，这很重要。
