Frankel A D, Young J A
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 1998;67:1-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.1.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a complex retrovirus encoding 15 distinct proteins. Substantial progress has been made toward understanding the function of each protein, and three-dimensional structures of many components, including portions of the RNA genome, have been determined. This review describes the function of each component in the context of the viral life cycle: the Gag and Env structural proteins MA (matrix), CA (capsid), NC (nucleocapsid), p6, SU (surface), and TM (transmembrane); the Pol enzymes PR (protease), RT (reverse transcriptase), and IN (integrase); the gene regulatory proteins Tat and Rev; and the accessory proteins Nef, Vif, Vpr, and Vpu. The review highlights recent biochemical and structural studies that help clarify the mechanisms of viral assembly, infection, and replication.
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒是一种复杂的逆转录病毒，可编码15种不同的蛋白质。在了解每种蛋白质的功能方面已取得了重大进展，并且已经确定了许多组件的三维结构，包括RNA基因组的部分结构。本综述在病毒生命周期的背景下描述了每个组件的功能：Gag和Env结构蛋白MA（基质）、CA（衣壳）、NC（核衣壳）、p6、SU（表面）和TM（跨膜）；Pol酶PR（蛋白酶）、RT（逆转录酶）和IN（整合酶）；基因调节蛋白Tat和Rev；以及辅助蛋白Nef、Vif、Vpr和Vpu。该综述重点介绍了最近的生化和结构研究，这些研究有助于阐明病毒组装、感染和复制的机制。
