Sinhaseni P, Samatiwat O
Pesticide Safe Use Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Toxicol Sci. 1998 Jul;23 Suppl 2:209-13. doi: 10.2131/jts.23.supplementii_209.
For risk assessment of anticholinesterase pesticides, acetylcholinesterase inhibition is a sensitive, reversible indicator of exposure. However, use of smaller factors when data are available in human may not be justified in some specific cases. Direct action of anticholinesterase on receptor sites at various cell types in different target organs may yield to the more severe nature of toxicity. At the present time, uncertainties exist due to our limited capability to clarify many human diseases with complex etiology. The toxicokinetic models available may not accommodate some type of toxicants which their mode of action involve haemodynamic change or vascular cell injury. Anticholinesterase pesticides are still widely used in many asian countries to control a variety of pest species in agricultural practices. The physiology of the effects of these agents are complex and appropriate uncertainty or "safety factors" are needed to be acknowledged and taken into account from total exposure. Risk assessment of anticholinesterase agents is related to complex biological system and we will probably, never, at least in our lifetimes, know everything we would like to know to assess risk. We can only do our best with current information available. However, one should be extremely careful and holistic when applying these uncertainties in risk assessment of anticholine-esterase pesticides.
对于抗胆碱酯酶农药的风险评估，乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制是暴露的一个敏感、可逆指标。然而，在某些特定情况下，如果有人类数据可用时使用较小的系数可能并不合理。抗胆碱酯酶对不同靶器官中各种细胞类型的受体位点的直接作用可能导致更严重的毒性。目前，由于我们阐明许多病因复杂的人类疾病的能力有限，存在不确定性。现有的毒代动力学模型可能无法适应某些作用方式涉及血流动力学变化或血管细胞损伤的毒物类型。抗胆碱酯酶农药在许多亚洲国家仍被广泛用于农业实践中控制各种害虫物种。这些药剂作用的生理学很复杂，需要从总暴露量中认识并考虑适当的不确定性或“安全系数”。抗胆碱酯酶药剂的风险评估与复杂的生物系统相关，而且我们可能永远，至少在我们有生之年，无法知道我们想知道的用于评估风险的所有信息。我们只能利用现有的信息尽力而为。然而，在将这些不确定性应用于抗胆碱酯酶农药的风险评估时，应该极其谨慎和全面。
