Tell G S, Vollset S E, Lande B, Pedersen J I, Løken E B, Jacobsen B K
Institutt for samfunnsmedisinske fag, Universitetet i Bergen.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1998 Aug 30;118(20):3155-60.
The dietary intake of folate in Norway is not optimal with regard to minimizing the risk of birth defects (especially neural-tube defects), and poSsibly also cardiovascular diseases and other diseases. The National Nutrition Council has therefore initiated a project to evaluate the status of folate in Norway and to recommend actions for necessary improvement. A protective effect of folic acid supplements on neural-tube defects has been found in observational studies and clinical trials. The effects of folate on cardiovascular diseases and cancer are less certain. The estimated average intake of folate from foods in Norway is lower than the recommended 300 micrograms per day for adult women and men, and remarkably lower than the 400 micrograms per day recommended for pregnant and lactating women. Thus, with the aim of minimizing the risk for neural-tube defects, the National Nutrition Council now recommends that all women who are planning pregnancy or who are likely to become pregnant have an intake of at least 400 micrograms folate per day. Because it may be difficult to achieve this through diet alone, and because an additional risk-lowering effect of folic acid supplementation has been shown, a folic acid supplement of 400 micrograms per day is recommended for this group. The supplement should be taken one month before conception and during the first two months of pregnancy. Fortification of foods with folate is not recommended because some groups may then exceed the recommended upper intake level.
就将出生缺陷（尤其是神经管缺陷）风险降至最低而言，挪威的叶酸膳食摄入量并不理想，对心血管疾病和其他疾病可能也如此。因此，国家营养委员会启动了一个项目，以评估挪威的叶酸状况，并就必要的改善措施提出建议。在观察性研究和临床试验中发现叶酸补充剂对神经管缺陷有保护作用。叶酸对心血管疾病和癌症的影响尚不确定。挪威成年人从食物中摄入叶酸的估计平均量低于成年女性和男性每天300微克的推荐量，显著低于孕妇和哺乳期妇女每天400微克的推荐量。因此，为了将神经管缺陷风险降至最低，国家营养委员会现在建议所有计划怀孕或可能怀孕的女性每天摄入至少400微克叶酸。由于仅通过饮食可能难以做到这一点，而且补充叶酸已显示出额外的降低风险作用，因此建议该群体每天补充400微克叶酸。补充剂应在受孕前一个月和怀孕的头两个月服用。不建议对食品进行叶酸强化，因为这样一些人群可能会超过推荐的摄入量上限。
