Community acquired pneumonia.

CAP affects all ages but predominantly the elderly. The microbial aetiology is diverse and rarely established at the time of admission. Initial management includes assessment of severity, correction of dehydration and imbalances of gas exchange, and prompt administration of antibiotic. The regimens will vary by risk factor and severity assessment. Mortality remains high, especially in those requiring intensive care. Prevention includes control of underlying disease, smoking and ethanol abuse, and the appropriate use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.